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Scientists And Their Contributions To The Atomic Theory
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Published on Nov 18, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
ATOMIC THEORY
By: Jihan Khalaf
2.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
The philosophy of atomism developed in many ancient traditions.
Greek philosophers purposed the existence of atoms.
3.
JOHN DALTON
scientists background: He was born on september 6, 1766 in England.
John was a chemist, Meteorologist, and a Physicist.
1800, he was secretary of the Literary and Philosophical society.
He developed the Dalton’s Law in 1801.
Law: total pressure = sum of partial pressures of gases.
4.
DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Dalton printed his first published table on atomic weights.
In his laboratory notebook, he made a list setting out the atomic weights of elements.
problem of calculation was made that: the proportionate diameter of the atoms in which he was persuaded that all gases were made.
Dalton used chemical analysis, which is the quantity, separation, and identification of chemical parts or elements.
Procedures: John Dalton did not use any procedures, instead he used calculations, laws, physics, and mathematics to come up with his theory.
5.
DATA COLLECTED
1. Energetic mountain excursions (movement of a body or a point from a mean position to a neutral value)
2. Investigated if water vapor existed separately in the atmosphere.
Analysis/conclusions: He concluded that water vapor exists in air as the only gas.
6.
JJ THOMPSON
Background: he was a British physicist who was born on December 18, 1856 in Manchester, England.
He found the first evidence of isotopes.
Contribution:
1. Thompson discovered the natural radioactivity of potassium (K) in 1905.
2. 1906: determined that hydrogen had only one electron per atom.
7.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
he was the first one who investigated the magnetic bend of cathode rays.
A Cathode Ray is a flow of electrons from a cathode(electrode) in a vacuum tube and into a narrow beam.
Procedures:
In his experiment Thompson used tools such as: Crookes tube, electrometer, and a magnet.
He did experiments to show how cathodes were charged and bent electrically.
8.
DATA COLLECTED
he found out that the mass to charge ratio was 1,000 times lower than the mass-charge ratio of hydrogen.
Analysis/conclusions:
1. The cathode rays carried negative charge of electricity.
2. Imagined the atoms being made up of small particles of matter orbiting in a group of positive charges.
9.
EARL RUTHERFORD
Background: he was born on August 30, 1871 in New Zealand. He was a Physicist and chemist.
Rutherford became known as the father of nuclear physics ( studies the components and interactions of the atomic nucleus.
Contribution:
1911, he theorized that atoms have their charge focused in a very small nucleus.
10.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Rutherford presented the Rutherford gold foil experiment which demonstrated the nuclear nature of atoms.
Procedures:
The experiment included the firing of radioactive particles through gold.
He used a scintillator ( screen coated with zinc sulfide).
11.
NEILS BOHR
Background: he was born on October 7, 1885 in Denmark.
He was a Denmark Physicist who made contributions to understanding the atomic structure and his creation of the quantum Theory.
Contribution;
1913, Bohr developed the Bohr model (shows the atom as small with a positively charged nucleus surrounded by an electron).
12.
IRENE CURIE
Background: She was a French scientist, born on September 12, 1897 in Paris France.
She discovered the artificial radioactivity and won a noble prize.
Contribution:
1924, she taught the correct laboratory techniques for radiochemical research.
13.
ROBERT MILIKAN
Background: Milikan was born on March 22, 1868 in Illinois, U.S.
He was a physicist who won a noble prize for physics.
Contribution:
In 1923 he measured the elementary electronic charge which was also known as the electric charge.
14.
SOURCES
antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/atoms/dalton.shtm
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1256/wea.202.02/pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton#Five_main_points_of_Dalton.27s_ato...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson#Experiments_with_cathode_rays
15.
SOURCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_charge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/rutherford/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/pages/1911.html
16.
IMAGES
http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM130S/05-EarlyAtom/EarlyAtom.html
http://science.howstuffworks.com/laser1.htm
http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/atoms_and_elements.htm
http://www.angelfire.com/scifi2/zpt/chapter7.html
Jihan Khalaf
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