PRESENTATION OUTLINE
The Sengoku Jidai period of medieval Japan was possibly the most brutal war time in Japanese history, it lasted almost one Hundred years.
The Warriors who fought for each daimyo (Lord) were one of two types, Ashigaru or (Foot Soldier.) and Samurai (The Cavalry.) The common idea of the "Samurai Swordsman" was more likely in peacetime than in wartime. The Samurai were rich Nobles. Whereas the Ashigaru were lowly peasants. That had to established, Horse's did the trick.
The Ashigaru were originally mercenary infantry, good fighters & very effective, but notorious for routing. The successful Diamyo realised that Ashigaru needed training & discipline. Soon the term Ashigaru was given to any non Samurai infantry.
The weapon of choice for the Ashigaru & Samurai for melee combat was called the Katana. The Katana was ideal for cutting, slashing & stabbing.
The two most important factions in that time were the Oda & Tokugawa, both overthrew the Shogunate and took control of Japan.
The period began with catapults & archers , then ended with cannons & musket. All thanks to European discovery. BOOM!
People usually interpret the Samurai Cavalry as very effective, this is factually incorrect. The Japanese horse's of the period were smaller than the modern thorough bred. They also had to bear the weight of a Samurai in full armour, so they could not be as effective as commonly portrayed.
During the period, many of the battles were sieges, unlike European castles, the walls were easy to scale. Earthquakes are very common in Japan, so the castles were only partially designed for defence, BUT they were built for the insides to be a killing ground.
A strange thing was done at the end of the battle, the heads of the fallen enemy soldiers were decapitated. The more heads, the more fame.
You may think, "Monks can't fight." You'd be wrong if you mean Medieval Japan. (Europe aside:) a clan called the Ikko-Ikki were composed of only warrior monks. So it's likely Shinto-Buddhism (Japan's main religion before Christianity was introduced.). did not rule out violence. HADOUKEN