Sensory Processing Disorder

Index

• Definition
• Is it a real diagnosis?
• Signs
• How can I support my student in the classroom?

What is SPD?

We all learn and understand the world through our senses.

Sensory processing is how we transform sensory information from within our own bodies and the external environment into messages we can act on

These messages propel us to learn and act

Some people have difficulty processing sensations, so they lack reliable information about their bodies and the environment

This is known as Sensory Processing Disorder

SPD Classification

• Hypersensitivity
• Hyposensitivity
• Mixed reactivity

But, is it a real diagnosis?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, does not include SPD.

This is partly because research on SPD has not been rigorous until now

Likewise, there are no standardized assessment and diagnostic tools available for SPD

This has generated a debate in the medical community between those who support SPD as a real diagnosis, and those who consider it only a symptom of other disorders like ADHD and autism

Regardless of its validity, it is importat to be aware of this condition because its presence impacts the performance of a student significantly

How can I identify SPD?

Common signs

• Out-of-proportion reactions to certain textures, sounds, lights, colors, flavors or aromas

For example,

• Distress due to light or unexpected contact
• Uncomforable with some clothing fabrics, tags, etc.
• Dislikes getting messy
• Resists grooming activities like haircuts or cutting their nails

More examples...

• Very sensitive to certain sounds like drill alarms or songs
• Squints, blinks, or rubs eyes frequently
• Bothered by intense lights or patterns
• Unusually high or low pain threshold

Motor skill and body awareness difficulties, including:

• Fine and gross motor delays
• Illegible handwriting
• Moves awkwardly or seems clumsy
• Low or high muscle tone

Oral motor and feeding problems, including:

• Oral hypersensitivity
• Frequent drooling or gagging
• “Picky eating”
• Speech and language delays

Other signs

• Poor attention and focus: often “tunes out” or “acts up”
• Uncomfortable/easily overstimulated in group settings
• Difficulty with self-confidence and independence

How can I support my student in the classroom?

Circle time

• Assess if your student can sit on the ground for an extended time
• If not, consider alternatives like cushions, chairs or leaning against a wall

Transitions

• Use a visual schedule to anticipate sensory rich situations, such as drills
• The student should be the last one to leave the classroom
• Let them know where they should line up, preferable at the front or the back.

Touch the student's shoulder firmly to get their attention instead of calling their name repeatedly

Consider using headphones or earplugs when exposed to a very noisy room or situation

In some cases, sensory diets can help a child self-regulate, like...

Proprioception

• Push and pull a cart
• Jump
• Play with a heavy ball or cushion
• Marching
• Stairs
• Weighted vests
• Carry heavy objects

Vestibular

• Hang upside down from playground equipment
• Swings
• Cartwheels
• Rocking chairs

Tactile

• Slinky
• Seeds, water, sand, shaving cream or cooking oil
• Soft balls
• Playdough
• Walk barefoot on the grass

Auditory

• Headphones
• Instrumental music
• Play a drum during appropriate moments
• Singing
• Ambiental/Nature sound recordings

Smell and Taste

• Crunchy food
• Lollipops
• Lollipop sticks
• Bubbles
• Straws
• Aromatic oils

Good luck!