Socratic Method

Socratic Method

• Developed by Greek philosopher, Socrates
• Dialogue between teacher and students
• Teacher uses a series of probing questions
• Students examine their own beliefs about the world

1st: Select Topic & Generate Questions:

• Controversial topic is selected
• Teacher gives "open-ended" questions to students
• Students can also develop their own questions
• Questions can also be developed as a class

2nd: Have a Structured Class Discussion

• Teacher starts as Discussion Leader
• Discussion Leader keeps conversation focused on the topic
• Also allows time for all members to give input
• DL forces students to elaborate or clarify their contributions

3rd: Discussion Leader Clarifies

• DL Summaries main points of the discussion
• Writing down main points to share with the class
• DL synthesizes and restates opinions

4th: Participants listen to arguments and respond

• Participants must use support
• Support can be drawn from previous statements
• There is no one right answer
• Accountable talk is used
• Discussion guidelines are followed

The Role of the Teacher:

• Plan significant questions that provide structure and direction
• Phrase the question clearly and specifically
• Wait time: Maintain silence and wait 5 to 10 seconds for response
• Keep discussion focused
• Follow up on responses and invite elaboration

The Role of the Teacher (cont.)

• Stimulate discussion with probing questions
• Periodically summarize what has been discussed
• Draw as many students as possible into the discussion
• Do not use yes or no questions
• Do not use questions that are vague or beyond the student's level