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Soil

Published on Nov 22, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

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COMPOSITION OF SOIL

  • 45% mineral matter
  • 5% organic matter
  • 50% water and air in spaces
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HOW IS IT FORMED?

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WEATHERING

PHYSICAL - NO CHEMICAL CHANGE
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WEATHERING

CHEMICAL - CHEMICALLY BREAKS DOWN
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DEPOSITION

MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
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DECOMPOSITION

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HUMUS

PARTIALLY DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATTER
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ONE TEASPOON

  • Millions of bacteria
  • Thousands of fungi, algae, and protists
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PARENT MATERIAL

  • Lava
  • Volcanic ash
  • Rock & sediment from glaciers
  • Sediment from rivers
  • Bedrock
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BEDROCK

CONTINUOUS MASS OF SOLID ROCK
Photo by Greg Carley
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SOIL PROFILE

LAYERS ARE CALLED HORIZONS
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HORIZONS - TOP TO BOTTOM

  • O horizon - litter layer
  • A horizon - topsoil
  • E horizon - leaching layer
  • B horizon - subsoil
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HORIZONS CONT'D

  • C horizon - weathered parent material
  • R horizon - parent material
Further down leads to bigger particle size and less organic matter
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SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

COLOR, TEXTURE, STRUCTURE, PH
Photo by Free HDR & Photomanipulations - www.freestock.ca
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COLOR

DARK SOIL IS RICH IN NUTRIENTS
Photo by francoismi
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TEXTURE

BASED ON PARTICLE SIZE
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LOAM

RELATIVELY EVEN AMOUNTS OF EACH TYPE
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CLAY

SMALLEST PARTICLES THEREFORE LEAST POROUS
Photo by thephotographymuse
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STRUCTURE

CLUMPY OR NOT
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PH

TOO ACIDIC OR TOO BASIC WILL KILL PLANTS

Amy Rodgers