Even if you wanted to call one of your neighbors, the operator had to make the connection using a switchboard. You’d pick up the phone and tell the operator that you wanted to make a call. Then, she would connect your phone line and your neighbor’s with a piece of wire.
Early switchboards in large cities usually were mounted floor to ceiling in order to allow the operators to reach all the lines in the exchange. The first operators were boys who would use a ladder to connect to the higher jacks. Later, mostly women were operators.