SPEAKER Who is the speaker/writer? What do we know about them? What can you tell or what do you know about the speaker that helps you understand the point of view expressed?
PURPOSE What is the speaker/writer hoping to accomplish? What is the reason behind this piece? What do they want the audience to do after having listened?
AUDIENCE Who is the speaker/writer trying to reach? How do we know? Do they indicate a specific audience? What assumptions exist in the text about the intended audience?
TONE What is the speaker/authors attitude toward the subject? Is the tone the same throughout the whole piece? Where does it shift? What evidence is there to demonstrate the tone?