spina bifida
Published on Dec 01, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Spina Bifida, meaning "split" or "open spine," is a disorder characterized by an incomplete development of the spinal cord.
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CAUSES.
Spina Bifida occurs when complications arise in the formation of the neural plate in embryos, causing the closing of the spine to be incomplete. Although the true cause remains a mystery, nutritional, environmental, and genetic factors are suspected to be possible contributors.
It is also known that folic acid intake is key to the development of a healthy baby. A deficiency of this vitamin or fever during pregnancy may also increase the chances of the child developing abnormalities
Characteristics
- There are four types of spina bifida:
- Occulta (mildest, hidden layer of skin covers opening, 10-20% have it)
- Closed neural tube defects (abnormal of fat, bone, or meninges)
- Meningocele (spinal fluid pushed out of back)
- Myelomeningocele (spinal cord/neural elements are exposed)
Photo by Mary Vican
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frequency of occulta (mild)
signs & symptoms
- symptoms vary in each individual
- closed neural tube defects can have a tuft of hair or a dimple
- severe forms have a visible fluid-filled sac
- paralysis and bladder or bowel dysfunctions may occur
- ADHD, mental disabilities, and hand-eye coordination
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testing procedures
Photo by Good Eye Might
Spina Bifida is commonly diagnosed while the baby is still developing in the womb. Doctors can perform a wide array of tests: ultrasounds, MSAFP screening (measuring proteins), multiple-marker screens (tests for disabilities), and amniocentesis (sampling of amniotic fluid). In mild cases, one may never know that he even has spina bifida.
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There is no cure for spina bifida; nerve tissue can neither be restored, nor can it be repaired. In order to prevent exposure and infection, surgery is usually administered to a child either while still in the womb or within the first few days of life.
Fetal surgery can not restore any lost neurological functions, but it is known to highly prevent further damage. Subsequent surgeries may be needed throughout one's life and the use of crutches, braces, and wheelchairs are common.
PROGNOSIS.
While the symptoms will vary for each individual, most people are able to live normal, active lives. Most people can walk and have normal intelligence, but may need the assistance of crutches or a wheelchair for easier mobility.
Photo by kevin dooley
