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Subjunctive clauses

Published on Nov 19, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Subjunctive clauses

By: ERin Woods

INdirect Question (iq)

  • To start an IQ you need to use a head verb
  • Some examples of head verbs are rogare, scire, cognoscere, etc
  • Then you use a question word to link the indicative & subjunctive clauses
  • Some examples of question words are quis, quid, ubi, etc
  • To end the sentence, you have a subjunctive clause at the end

Indirect question

  • Here's an example of an IQ:
  • Latin: Nescivi ubi hic agricola fuisset.
  • English: I do not know where the farmer had been.
  • The head verb used was nescivi/ I do not know
  • The question word used was ubi/where

Cum clauses

  • There are three types of cum clauses 
  • The first is causal which is translated with Since/Beacuse
  • The second is circumstantial which is translated with When
  • The third is conssesive which is translated with Although and Nevertheless
  • *Cum Conssesive also has tamen in its sentence to identify it

cum causal

  • This is the cum clause that starts with Since/Because 
  • Here's an example of a cum causal clause:
  • Cum domo diu mansissemus, mater nos iussit discedere
  • Because we remained home for a long time, mother ordered us to return
  • The cum causal clause has the Because at the beginning as you can see

Cum circumstantial

  • This is the cum clause that starts with When
  • Here's an example of a cum circumstantial clause
  • Cum Vergilius Romam adveniret, multa clarissima aedificia erat.
  • When Vergil came to Rome, there were many famous buildings.
  • As you can see, this cum clause was translated with When at the beginning

Cum conssesive

  • This is the clause that starts with Although
  • Here's an example of a cum conssesive clause
  • Latin: Cum divites viri saepe pauperos homines contemnant,  
  • tamen vitae eorum sunt asperiores

Although the rich men looked down on poor men, nevertheless their lives are harsher.

INdirect Command

  • To form this kind of a sentence:
  • You need a command word like rogo, oro, etc
  • You also need ut/ne to connect the indicative & sunjubctive clauses
  • This type of subjunctive clause also takes a dative object

indirect command

  • Here's en example of an indirect command
  • Paterfamilias servos vetuit ut ad Forum irent
  • The head of the household forbade the slave to go to the Forum
  • Forbade is the command word
  • ut means to which connects the two clauses

Purpose clauses

  • It starts with the indicative clause
  • Connecting the two clauses is ut/ne
  • It ends with the subjunctive clause

Purpose clauses

  • Here's an example of a purpose clause
  • Mater multum cibum filiae gracili dedit ne aegra esset
  • The mother gave a lot of food to the slender daughter so that 
  • she would not be sick
  • The ne is so that she would not be sick 

Result clauses

  • These clauses start off with an indicative clause
  • There is a ding ding word such as tam, talis, etc
  • Connecting the two clauses is ut/ ut non
  • Lastly comes the Subjunctive clause

Result clauses

  • Here's an example of a result clause
  • Miser servus totiens a domino verberabatur ut capiti valde nocuerit.
  • The miserable slave was beaten so often by the master that 
  • his head was greatly harmed.
  • Totiens is the ding ding word meaning so often and ut meaning that