The Age of Exploration
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Warm-Up
- What word means "the belief that colonies exist to benefit the mother country in land and resources?
- What word means "native to a particular region?
- Which explorer conquered the Aztecs for Spain?
Photo by marksweb
The Age of Exploration
The Quest for Gold, Glory, and God
Essential Questions
- Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands?
- Who were some important explorers?
Photo by an untrained eye
Why did Europeans leave their homes to explore new lands?
Gold, Glory, and God!
Factors Contributing to European Discovery
- Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
- Support for the diffusion of Christianity
- Political and economic competition between European empires
- Innovations in navigational arts
- Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Photo by Luz Adriana Villa A.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Supported navigation for Portugal. Opened a naval school of technology.
Vasco da Gama
Portugal - first European to reach India by sea 1497-1499
Vasco da Gama
LINKED EUROPE AND ASIA FOR THE FIRST TIME BY OCEAN ROUTE
Christopher Columbus
Forget what they told you in elementary school!
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Spain- Known for discovering North America
Hernando Cortez
Spanish conquistador began conquer and control of Mexico
CORTEZ' ROUTE
Cortez meets Montezuma II
The Fall of the Aztec Empire
1519-1521
Francisco Pizzaro
Spain- Conquered the Incans in South America
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Pizzaro's Conquest
- Inspired by Cortez
- Heard rumors of a "city of gold" in South America
- Traveled the Pacific coast of Peru
- Kidnapped Emperor Atahuallpa who offered gold and silver as ransom
- Pizzaro took the ransom, killed thousands of men and strangled Atahuallpa
Photo by 00dann
Ferdinand Magellan
Spain-First circumnavigation of the globe
Magellan named the Pacific Ocean because it was peaceful.
Five ships set sail from Spain. Only Victoria survived the return voyage.
NO NEW "SPANISH" FRIENDS
- Completed circumnavigation of the globe from 1577-1580- Queen Elizabeth knights him in 1581
- Hero to the English, but a pirate to the Spanish- captured numerous ships
- Spanish named him "El Draque"-placed a ($6.5m) bounty on his head!
- Helped defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588! (More on this later)
Photo by longplay
Back to Back Freestyle
Drake completed it as captain of the entire expedition
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Jacques Cartier
French explorer- Claimed what is now Canada for France
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Jacque Cartier Sails for France
- First European to describe and map the Gulf of St. Lawrence - 1534-1536
- Discovered waterway to begin settlement of North America
- Canada is named for the Huron-Iroquois word "Kanata" which means village
- One of the FIRST to officially acknowledge that the New World was a separate land from Europe or Asia. Duh!
Photo by Peggy2012CREATIVELENZ
Do you know your explorers?
- Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal
- Vasco da Gama - Portugal
- Christopher Columbus - Spain
- Hernando Cortez - Spain
- Francisco Pizzaro - Spain
- Ferdinand Magellan - Spain
- Francis Drake - England
- Jacques Cartier - France
Photo by eflon
Essential Questions
- How did the expansion of European empires into the Americas, Africa, and Asia affect religion in those areas?
- What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?
- What was the triangular trade?
Photo by spettacolopuro
Essential Questions cont'd.
- What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?
- What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas?
Photo by Crystl
Diffusion of Christianity
Spreading the message to new lands and new people
Photo by freestock.ca ♡ dare to share beauty
Migration of Colonists to New Lands
Creating new cultural and social patterns
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Catholics and Protestants
Carried their faith, language, and culture to new lands
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Conversion of Indigenous people
What's indigenous mean?
Exploration brought the establishment of overseas empires and decimation of indigenous populations…
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Americas
- Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America
- Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires
- Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
- Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved
- Colonies’ imitation of parent countries
Some estimate tens of millions of natives lived here before Europeans came
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Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires
Latin America
Rigid class system based on race
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Plantations
The need for labor resulted in the forced migration of some Africans into slavery
Photo by Kay Gaensler
Africa
- European trading posts were set up along the coast of Africa
- Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources became very popular and profitable
- The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
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Triangle Trade
Slaves, Sugar, and Rum
The Middle Passage
Asia
- Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
- Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)
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Lisbon to the Indies
1592-Departure from Portugal
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The Columbian Exchange
- Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles.
- European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
- European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians.
Photo by chrisinplymouth
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Coming to the East!
Whatcha smokin?
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
- Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.
- Slavery was based on race.
- European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.
Slavery
Mercantilism needs cash crops. And cash crops need labor. Preferably free labor.
Destroyed indigenous economics
What's going on here?
Export of Precious Metals
Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia
I've got money!
I want a dress!
I've got MORE money!
I want MORE dresses!
I've got EVEN MORE money!
Uh oh, now the dress costs more...
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Effect of Inflation on International Trade
- Gold and silver arriving from the Western Hemisphere
- When the amount of currency increases, the value of salaries and rents drops
- The Price Revolution
- No longer advantageous to hold currency (assets), best to be in trade
- Land-holders no longer the dominant economic class
Photo by Daniela Hartmann (alles-schlumpf)
What have we learned?
- The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade.
- One motive for exploration was to spread the Christian religion.
Photo by CollegeDegrees360
What else?
- Europeans migrated to new colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns.
- Europeans established trading posts and colonies in Africa and Asia.
- The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Photo by CollegeDegrees360
The European nations established a
trade pattern known as the triangular
trade and exported precious metals from
the Americas.
Photo by Philippe Put
