Throughout the Age of Exploration, Christianity spread to Africa as well. In particular, it spread to Western Africa as a result of the slave trade. By the 15th century, Portuguese missionaries were active in Western Africa.
Under a mercantilist system, colonies basically exist for the sole purpose of bringing wealth to the mother country. Mercantilism was the dominant economic philosophy during the Age of Exploration, and most European countries adopted this approach.
During this time, the social structure in Latin America consisted of the peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, and the mulattoes. The peninsulares were at the top of the social pyramid and consisted of Spanish and Portuguese officials that were born in Europe and held all of the important government positions.