The Andes
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Question 1
People
- Most Peruvians descend from the Incas
- Some Peruvians descend from Spain, following he Spanish Conquistador invasion
- Many Andeans live in small rural communities
- Most towns are not accessible by road and are only accessed by plane or on foot
- Machu Picchu is a good example o a small town see (fig 1)
- Most towns are not accessible by road
Most Peruvians are the descendants of the ancient Incas, the native people of the Andes, the largest mountain range in South America. Some Peruvians have a European heritage because of the Spanish Conquistador invasion in the 1500’s. The natives of Peru and the greater Andes region fought the Conquistadors and many were killed. Over time the natives intermarried with the Spanish, who settled in the region after the invasion of the Conquistadors. These people of Peruvian and Spanish ancestry are known as the Mestizos.
Andeans live in small to medium communities that are usually self-sustaining. Their communities are very hard to access by road, so people have to hike on foot or fly in.
Climate
- The climate in the Andes varies greatly
- The average temperature is 22 °C
- The snow line depends on the location
- Glaciers are very coman
- Rainforests lie beneath the mountains
The climate varies greatly depending on where you are in the Andes and elevation plays a big part in this. The snow line is between 4,500m and 4,800m in the tropical Ecuadorian, Colombian, Venezuelan, and northern Peruvian Andes. The snow line is between 4,800m and 5,200m in the drier mountains of southern Peru to northern Chile.
The northern Andes are typically rainy and warm with an average temperature of 20 °C. The central Andes are dry with an average temperature of 25 °C. The southern section is rainy and cool, with an average temperature of 18°C.
The climate is known to change rapidly at times. Glaciers are common and will move down to sea level (300 M). There are rainforests below the mountains.
The northern Andes are typically rainy and warm with an average temperature of 20 °C. The central Andes are dry with an average temperature of 25 °C. The southern section is rainy and cool, with an average temperature of 18°C.
The climate is known to change rapidly at times. Glaciers are common and will move down to sea level (300 M). There are rainforests below the mountains.
Major Land Use and Economic Activities
- Farming for crops, mainly potatoes
- Mining for minerals and petroleum products
- Tourism around scenery and heritage sites
- Tourism related such as food, accommodation and souvenirs
The Andes is home to many land uses and economic activities, mainly farming, mining and tourism. The best agricultural land can be found on the valleys’ bottom surfaces, but an ingenious structure of terraces excavated into valley sides and held up by retaining walls is used to bring the land on the valley sides up to the standard required for food production. Most crops that are farmed on the valley floor are soya, maze, rice and cotton, but the main food farmed is potato, with thousand of varieties found in the Andes. The mountain inclines of the Andes are used mainly for rice and potatoes.
The Andes contains a diverse, rich mix of minerals and petroleum products that are both very valuable and very useful to Andeans. The Spanish invasion was also mostly done for the fact that they wanted to prospect for and find gold. The ground in the Andes is rich with all types of minerals, mainly coal, oil and natural gas, iron ore, gold, silver, tin and copper.
Tourism is a massive industry for the Andes and the place has numerous natural attractions to offer. One of the most popular parts of the Andes is the Incan trail and the ruined city of Machu Picchu with millions of visitors coming every year. Alongside tourism are the related industries providing food, accommodation and souvenirs.
The Andes contains a diverse, rich mix of minerals and petroleum products that are both very valuable and very useful to Andeans. The Spanish invasion was also mostly done for the fact that they wanted to prospect for and find gold. The ground in the Andes is rich with all types of minerals, mainly coal, oil and natural gas, iron ore, gold, silver, tin and copper.
Tourism is a massive industry for the Andes and the place has numerous natural attractions to offer. One of the most popular parts of the Andes is the Incan trail and the ruined city of Machu Picchu with millions of visitors coming every year. Alongside tourism are the related industries providing food, accommodation and souvenirs.
Map of the Peruvian Andes
(fig 2)
How the local environment affects them
- People are poor in harsh climate, tough terrain and poor soils with limited building materials
- Food is vegetables, grains with limited meats, everything grown themselves
- Travel is minimal and transport is limited
- Jobs are in the fields, mainly farming
- Houses are tiny and primitive
The homes that the people of the Andes live in are mostly made out of the plentiful materials found in the ground and growing nearby. Stone is dug out of the ground and made into bricks; the same can be said for dirt. The huts that they build are quite primitive (fig 3). They use the bricks to build walls and they use thatch for their rooves. There is no artificial heating and fire is the only source of heat so that have to find wood to burn.
The people of the Andes are self-sustaining and rely on the food they grow themselves to live. The majority of the food is vegetables. The harsh climate, steep terrain and poor soils do not support much farming of sheep, cattle, goats, llamas and the like.
The people of the Andes are poor in a material sense; they do not have a lot of money and cannot afford cars or motorbikes. The people of the Andes walk or ride by horse or donkey. This affects their way of live because it they do not travel much since it takes so much time to get places.
The Andes are remote and this affects their life dramatically because they are virtually cut off from the rest of the world. Their isolation and poverty means they have almost no modern electronics, like TV or radio and no internet, meaning in that their communication with the outside world is minimal. This adversely affects their education and knowledge of the “outside” world and current affairs.
Jobs are hard to come by in the Andes so people will snath up what ever that can get, so most work in Felds.
The people of the Andes are self-sustaining and rely on the food they grow themselves to live. The majority of the food is vegetables. The harsh climate, steep terrain and poor soils do not support much farming of sheep, cattle, goats, llamas and the like.
The people of the Andes are poor in a material sense; they do not have a lot of money and cannot afford cars or motorbikes. The people of the Andes walk or ride by horse or donkey. This affects their way of live because it they do not travel much since it takes so much time to get places.
The Andes are remote and this affects their life dramatically because they are virtually cut off from the rest of the world. Their isolation and poverty means they have almost no modern electronics, like TV or radio and no internet, meaning in that their communication with the outside world is minimal. This adversely affects their education and knowledge of the “outside” world and current affairs.
Jobs are hard to come by in the Andes so people will snath up what ever that can get, so most work in Felds.
Anden Hut (fig 3)
Photo by IamNotUnique
In the Andes, my life would be not so easy
- My house would be smaller and more primitive
- My education and school would be inferior
- My food would be different, all vegetables and grains
- My health would be compromised
- My host family would similar, all togther and they would be just as happy
In Australia I live in a large house with central heating and cooling and with a pool and a tennis court but if I lived in the Andes with my host family I would live in a stone hut with no heating or cooling.
Schooling would be very different; at St Peters, I would not have to go far to get there and the learning experience would be much better. In the Andes I would have to walk ten kilometres or so to get to the nearest school. Plus the quality of education and schooling would be inferior to Australia’s.
Food would be different because in the Andes you would not just go down to the shops and buy any cuisine you like. You would have to grow all your own food, mainly vegetables and grains. The diet here is protein based, but the people of the Andes do not eat much meat and mostly just vegetables.
Healthcare is excellent in Australia, and I get everything fixed easily, but in third world conditions in the Andes, healthcare would be poor.
Family would be the same, all family members living in one house and close living together at all times.
Schooling would be very different; at St Peters, I would not have to go far to get there and the learning experience would be much better. In the Andes I would have to walk ten kilometres or so to get to the nearest school. Plus the quality of education and schooling would be inferior to Australia’s.
Food would be different because in the Andes you would not just go down to the shops and buy any cuisine you like. You would have to grow all your own food, mainly vegetables and grains. The diet here is protein based, but the people of the Andes do not eat much meat and mostly just vegetables.
Healthcare is excellent in Australia, and I get everything fixed easily, but in third world conditions in the Andes, healthcare would be poor.
Family would be the same, all family members living in one house and close living together at all times.
Reference List
- Bliss, Sue, J Paine, and Paul McCartan. Geoactive 1. Milton, Qld.: Jacaranda Plus, 2010. Print.
- Adventure.nationalgeographic.com,. 'Peru's Amazon - National Geographic Adventure Magazine'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 May 2015.
- Virtualexplorers.org,. 'Life In The Andes'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 May 2015.
- Coolgeography.co.uk,. 'Andes Mountains Case Study'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 May 2015.
