THE COLD WAR

STAGES OF THE COLD WAR

• 1941-45 Co-Operation in the Second World War
• 1946-53 First Cold War
• 1954-68 Fluctuating Relations
• 1969-79 Detente
• 1979-85 Second Cold War

STAGE 1

• Relations between the US and USSR weren't uneasy since WW2
• After Germany turned on Russia the US was still hesitant to aid
• Russia felt as if the war would be fought "down to the last Russian"
• The Atlantic Charter was drafted by FDR & Churchill 1941

STAGE ONE 1941-1945

• USA and USSR fight Germany under FDR's lend lease policy
• Truman became president in 1945
• He was known for Truman doctrine and containment policy
• Stalin aligned with with the United States and Britain in World War II (1939-1945) afterward he engaged in an increasingly tense relationship with the west known as the Cold War
• FDR creation of the foreign policy

FLUCTUATING RELATIONS

NEW LOOK BY EISENHOWER

• It was a new national security policy.
• This concentrated on building up huge numbers of nuclear weapons
• Doing so while reducing conventional forces
• All this with the intention to stop the USSR from launching weapons

PRESIDENT EISENHOWER

• Played role of trying to stop soviet expansion
• Tried doing so faster than Harry S. Truman
• Which is where his "New Look" policy comes in
• Containment seemed to be Eisenhower's primary goal

NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV'S FOREIGN POLICY & WARSAW PACT

• Invented "Peaceful Coexistence"
• This was act of peace without conflict between the two teams
• Intended to avoid nuclear warfare, also with hope of socialism becoming global
• Warsaw Pact was treaty signed by USSR and all Eastern powers
• This was for collective security under a joint command

NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV

• Ran USSR at time of Cold War
• Initial goal was to achieve coexistence and slowly spread socialism
• Soon decided to up the level of spreading communism
• Especially during and after the Cuban missile crisis

BERLIN WALL; AUG., 13, 1961 - NOV., 9, 1989

• Intention was to keep western fascists from entering East Berlin
• East side was scared that the West would spread capitalistic values
• Was another way to stop opposing troops from undermining them

VIETNAM WAR

• Nationalists forces trying to unify a country under communist rule
• US tried to prevent nationalists from spreading communism
• Vietnam was later taken over by communist part in 76

HO CHI MINH

• Prime minister & president of North Vietnam
• Role/Goal was to annex South Vietnam
• Spread influence to Southeast Asia

VO NGUYEN GIAP

• Veit-Communist General
• Commanded North-Vietnamese communist armies during Vietnam War

NGO DINH DIEM

• Appointed head of South Vietnam gov. by the USA during the cold war

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

• President of the USA from 1963-69
• Led Gulf of Tonkin
• Also led search & destroy missions during the Vietnam War

CUBA & THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

• Happened all out of fear from the opposing teams “questionable” intentions
• IBMs planted in Cuba with intention to practically demoralize and freeze US actions
• IBMs were also planted in Turkey by the USA as well
• Lasted for 13 days (312 hours)

FIDEL CASTRO

• Cuban Prime minister
• Looked for aid from USSR during time of Cold War
• Aided out of fear of being undermined by capitalists
• Took Fulgencio Batista's place as dictator after Batista's fall from power

ERNESTO “CHE” GUEVARA

• Marxist - Communist & Cuban Revolutionists
• Specialized in armed forces & guerilla warfare
• Caught and shot in 1967 by CIA

JOHN F. KENNEDY

• President during the time of the CMC (Cuban Missile Crisis)
• Led Bay of Pigs invasion that ended tragically
• Goal of containing communism, especially from the West-side

DETENTE

RICHARD NIXON

• US President from 1969 - 1974
• Established Detente and withdrawn troops from vietnam

Leonid Brezhnev

• General secretary of the Soviet Communist Party
• Met with Nixon in SALT talks in effort of the “thaw” period of the cold war

DETENTE

• Policy of opposing teams trying to improve relations
• Relaxing cold war tension
• SALT I and SALT II were talks of limitation and negotiation
• SALT II was discussed but not ratified

SECOND COLD WAR

• Major occurrences
• SALT II was signed (1979) although the US delayed ratification
• Relations deteriorated when Brezhnev refused to withdraw from Cuba
• Soviet intervention in Afghanistan finally ended Detente

SECOND COLD WAR

• Factional discord augmented during this period
• The Geneva meetings were hampered by Star Wars
• Reagan remained aggressive in keeping weapons and Gorbachev disarmed anyways
• The US increased aggression in Afghanistan and still refused to adhere to SALT 2
• Gorbachev's acceptance of the zero-zero option was seen by his critics as surrender

1979-1985

FINAL STAGES

1985-1991

• The dissolution of the USSR was brought with large part to Gorbachev
• He implemented large social reforms that allowed criticisms
• After massive disarmament, Gorbachev scored higher in US polls than many politicians

Untitled Slide

• Reaganomics
• Building military power