The school that leaded this research is the University of Liverpool. There research supports that the earths inner core was formed 1-1.5 billion years ago and it froze its molten iron core.
The timing of the first appearance of solid iron or "nucleation" of the inner core is highly controversial but is crucial for determining the properties and history of the Earth's interior and has strong implications for how the Earth's magnetic field -- which acts as a shield against harmful radiation from the sun, as well as a useful navigational aid -- is generated.
The Earths magnetic field is generated by the liquid alloy that's is in the outer core of the Earth which is approximately 3000km beneath the Earths crust. These motion occurs because the core is loosing heat to the over laying solid mantle which produces the phenomenon of convection