THE EASTERN ORTHODOX WORLD

1. NOVGOROD

• Viking chief Rurik found Novgorod in 862
• It was Russia's first important city
• Today it is called Veliky Novgorod
• It is said in the Primary Chronicle by monks
• Yuriev monastery, Antoniev monastery, and Cathedral of St. Sophia are located here

2. KIEV

• A noble man named Oleg moved from Novgorod moved south of Kiev in 880
• Brought merchandise from The Byzantine Empire
• Some items were timber, fur, wax, honey, and slaves.
• Boyars were the rulers on Kiev and it became strictly divided
• Today Kiev is the capital of Ukraine, the major is Vitali Klitschko, Kiev Pechersk Lavra is a church in Kiev

3. KIEV BECOMES ORTHODOX

• In 957 a member of the Kievan nobility visited
• This woman converted Kiev into Christian Orthodox
• Her name was Olga
• St. Michael Cathedral, almost all of Ukraine is Orthodox, Sviatoslav Shevchuk is major pope

4. VLADIMIR

• Olga's grandson that took throne in 980
• Vladimir considered conversion to Christianity
• He sent out teams to observe Islam, Judaism, and Western Christianity
• Was an important ruler for Kiev, Russians were linked to his idea, got ideas from Byzantines

5. BAPTISM OF ALL CITIZENS OF KIEV

• In 989 all the Kievan citizens were baptised
• This was held in the Dnieper River
• Vladimir imported teachers to instruct people in the new faith
• The Dnieper River is one one Ukraine's biggest rivers
• In the Moscow Patriarch in Ukraine, people, Vladimir got baptised in Chersonesos, St. Vladimir's Cathedral is where people got baptised

6. YAROSLAV THE WISE

• Vladimir's son Yaroslav came to throne in 1019
• Yaroslav skillfully married of his daughters and sisters
• Those marriages helped him to forge important trading alliances
• Built chruches in Ukraine that are there today, born in Ukraine, Vladimir the greats son

7. MONGOL INVASION

• In 1200 Mongol horsemen invaded Russia.
• Their strong and well known leader was named Genghis Khan
• Their savage and killing and burning won them a reputation for rutheless brutality
• Mongols helped develop Moscow, Ghenghis Khan is a very feared warrior, Batu Khan is his son

8. PRINCE IVAN

• In 1320, he earned gratitude of the Mongols by helping to crash a Russian revolt against Mongol rule
• For his services, Mongols appointed Ivan I as tax collector of all Slavic lands they had conquered
• The Mongols gave him the title of "Great Prince"
• Known as Ivan Moneybags, Had Ivan I and his successors, Enlarged Moscow with controlled territories

9. IVAN III

• In 1472, Ivan managed to marry the niece of the last Byzantine emperor
• He began calling himself czar which is the Russian version of Caesar
• By calling himself czar, he openly claimed to make Russian the "Third Rome"
• Made Russia a bigger empire, his wife was named Sophia Palaiologina, captured The Republic of Novgorod

10. RUSSIAN AND MONGOLIAN STANDOFF

• In 1480 Ivan made a final break with the Mongols
• He refused to pay their tribute so because of that they fought each other
• They fought on either side of the Ugra River about 150 miles south of Moscow.
• Surprisingly, neither side wanted to fight, so both forces turned around and marched home
• Is known for having the standoff at the Ugra river, south of Moscow, left tributary to the Oka River