The Far North

Eskimo

Eskimo/Inuit

• Geography: They lived in present day Alaska & Canada
• Their houses were different depending on what season it was.
• In winter, they lived in igloos on the arctic.
• During summer they moved and lived in tents

Subsistence

• They lived off of meat, fish, berries, and roots.
• They got preserved meat in underground cellars in the artic

Social Organization & Beliefs

• The Inuits had a leader for each individual tribe
• The strongest leader was probably the leader
• They believed in animalism 
• They had rituals for hunting 

The Cree Tribe

The Cree Tribe

• The largest American Indian Groups
• The leaders are called chiefs, they were men who earned it in battle.
• Dress for Cree Woman: Wore long dresses with removable sleeves.
• Dress for Cree Men: Breech-clothes and leggings, ponchos
• Face paint and feathered headdresses on special occasions.

Language

• The Cree speak English & French
• There normal language is a musical language
• Tansi: is a friendly greeting
• Mahti: means please 

Cree Families

• Woman: build houses, gather herbs, & raise kids
• Men: Hunt, fish, go to war, & defend the family
• Children: enjoy going out with there dad and playing 
• Girls: help there mom with chores 

Kutchin

The Kutchin Tribe

• They lived in present-day Alaska, Canada's Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories
• Built and lived in dwellings
• Snow was piled and banked around the walls for insulation
• They erected food caches, covered platforms high up on poles, to keep food safe from animals

Subsistence

• They generally spent the summer fishing and the winter hunting
• Their fishing gear had dipnets, baskets, hooks, and harpoons
• They used snares of babiche  to trap animals, as well as corrals to capture caribou
• Waterfowl, moose and mountain sheep were most likely hunted by dogs 

Social Organization

• The Kutchin bands were loosely knit
• Their chiefs were chosen for their wisdom and bravery
• They had little authority beyond their own families
• Women did most of the hard work around camp and most of the hauling

Shared Beliefs

• The Kutchin believed in supernatural beings haunting certain locations
• They also thought that spirits lived in plants, animals, and the weather 
• Before hunting, men fasted and burned pieces of caribou fat on a fire as a form of sacrifice to their moon god

The Innu

Geography

• Regions: Labrador and Eastern Quebec
• Climate: Polar Tundra(Northern Labrador)
• Sub Arctic(Southern Labrador)

Shelter and Substinence

• Wigwams made from wood and caribou skins
• Caribou: Main Food Source
• Fish, Bear, Porcupine, Berries

Social Organization

• Government consisting of:
• Chief and Council

Shared Beliefs

• Universe alive with powerful forces
• Important spirits are the controllers of the animals
• Mukshan: Sacred meal made with bone marrow and
• fat

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