Industrialization gave markets affordable manufactured goods. In 1851 in London's Crystal Palace, examples of industry products went on display for the publics viewing.
Industry raised the standard of living for example, there was a reduction in the cost of clothing so everyone but the highly poor were able to afford several changes of clothes. Industry created more agricultural goods which created more food which created a cheaper cost in food with more steam-powered locomotives from industry, food could be moved faster between places. People were able to afford more items for their house like furniture.

In Europe and in the Americas there was a huge increase in population from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. From 1700 to 1800 the population of Europe went from 105 million people to 180 million people. By the end of the nineteenth century there were 390 million people living in Europe. In the Americas, from 1700 to 1800 the population increased from 13 million people to 24 million people. In 1900 there were 145 million people living in the Americas. The growth in population was mainly in the tropical regions.
Population growth was due to in part by an increase in intensive agricultural techniques and movement of food but mainly it was the change in patterns of birth and death rates. Before industry the fertility rate was high but famines and epidemics created a high mortality rate especially in young children. During and after industry there was still the high birth rate but the death rate in children lowed due to better diets and improved disease control. In the late nineteenth century these better diets and sanitation caused a decrease in adult deaths. From 1800 to 1900 Britian's population increased from 10.5 million people to 37.5 million people while Germany's population increased from 18 million people to 43 million people.

Industrial lands had a high demographic transition which means shifting patterns of fertility and mortality. Fertility rates began to decline but the mortality rate fell faster than it. There was a lower population growth which caused relative demographic stability. This decline in fertility was caused by voluntary birth control throug contraception. Married couples wouldn't have as many kids because they costed too much.