THE "NICE" GENE

Inserting The Gene

• A hypothetical "Nice" Gene will be injected in Megalodon DNA
• This "Nice" Gene is a gene that domesticates animals
• To do this restriction enzymes will be used to create
• Recombinant DNA, which is
• DNA that has been genetically transformed

RESTRICTION ENZYMES

• Enzymes that cut a certain number of DNA molecules at certain locations
• Also called "restriction endonucleases"
• Each enzyme is very specific to a certain section of DNA sequences
• These sections are called restriction sites
• The enzyme cuts two DNA strands at their same respective sites

RESTRICTION ENZYMES

• Enzyme is tailored to and cut both the Megalodon DNA and "Nice" Gene
• Most restriction sites are symmetrical from 5' - 3'
• The above sequence can appear multiple times, so
• The enzyme makes multiple cuts, which makes multiple restriction fragments

RESTRICTION ENZYMES

• Useful enzymes cut sugar-phosphate backbones in a staggered manner
• The resulting double-stranded fragments have one single-stranded end
• This is called a sticky end
• The short extension makes hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary
• Sticky ends in another DNA. They are then combined via DNA Ligase.

STEP BY STEP PROCESS

STEP 1: CUT

• The restriction enzyme cuts both the Megalodon DNA and the "Nice" Gene
• The enzyme cuts at precise points in both gene sequences
• The Megalodon DNA has now been cut into restriction fragments
• The "Nice" Gene has been cut into a fragment complementary to the
• Megalodon DNA (since cut by the same restriction enzyme)

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STEP 2: ADD

• The "Nice" Gene fragment attaches to the Megalodon DNA sticky ends

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STEP 3: GLUE

• The two fragments bond would usually be temporary,
• However, DNA Ligase is an enzyme available
• To seal the bonds and thus create
• Recombinant Megalodon DNA possessing the
• "Nice" Gene!

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FINISHED RECOMBINANT DNA

• Now the recombinant Megalodon DNA is ready to undergo PCR
• In order to create many copies to later experiment and undergo
• Nuclear transfer, which will result in a revived extinct
• Megalodon shark

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