Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469 in Florence Italy. He was a diplomat and writer. His nickname was " The Father of Modern Political Theory". The Prince, a handbook for politicians on the use of ruthlessness, was one of his greatest accomplishments. He was also known for writing poems and plays. He also opposed the Medici family and was banished upon their return to Florence. He eventually died in a small town outside Florence and was buried where he was not allowed earlier in his life because of his banishment.

Martin Luther was a monk who challenged the religion of the Catholic Church. He started a reformation of people breaking away from the church. He found 95 points where the church had not followed the bible. His disagreements caused the church to make less money. They got mad and called him a heritic. Many felt the same way he did and started moving away from the church. This lead to many wars that included many countries in Europe.

Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1492 in Vinci Italy. He was an artist, scientist, and inventor. Two of his most famous art works are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Many of Leonardo's paintings where in prosute of science and new inventions. His note books are filled with over 13,000 observations of the world. He drew pictures of helicopters, hang gliders, war machines, musical instruments, various pumps and much more. He was also know for his drawings on the human skeleton, muscles, and tendons. He was also called the renaissance man.

Much of the renaissance architecture was based on ancient Romen and Greek designs but tweeked to there own style. Brunelleschi was know to be the first renaissance building and was know for the massive dome on top that was the biggest at the time. A lot of the time renaissance buildings had arches, domes, fronts with lots of symbols, they where square, and had high ceilings with columns. Some of the most known chapels are the Basilica of St Peter, The Sistine Chapel, and The Pazzi Chapel.