THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE

THE EIGHT STAGES OF GENOCIDE

CLASSIFICATION

• The realization of the difference in race, ethnicity or religion
• In this case, Hutu and Tutsi
• Bipolar Societies that lack cultural variety tend to have cultural division.
• Can be prevented at this early stage by creating institutions that bind people together by transcending the divisions.

SYMBOLIZATION

• Classifying a group with names and/or symbols.
• Doesn't usually lead to genocide unless it leads to Stage 3

DEHUMANIZATION

• One group denies the humanity of another group
• Members on the other society are equated with animals, vermin, and disease
• Hate propos are released to raise awareness of the other group's "threat"
• Dehumanizations overcomes the normal revulsion against murder

ORGANIZATION

• Armies and militias are organized
• A plan is made for the attack of a society

POLARIZATION

• Extremists drive the groups apart
• Propaganda against the other group is released

PREPARATION

• Victims are Identified and separated from the rest of the community
• Death lists are drawn out
• Confined to a famine struck region and starved

EXTERMINATION

• Mass killing beguns
• "Extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims are fully human
• Armed forces along with militias do the killing

DENIAL

• Perpetrators hide/ burn the bodies
• Intimidate the witnesses
• Block investigations
• Continue to rule until driven out by force

BACKGROUND

• Rwanda gained independence from Belgium in 1962
• Languages Spoken are: Kiniyarwanda, French & English
• Rwanda’s population of seven million was composed of three ethnic groups: Hutu (approximately 85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%)

THE BEGINNING STAGES

PRE-GENOCIDE

• Ruled by Germany during WWI , and later Belgium after the war
• Tutsis had privileges for education
• Belgium favored the Tutsi Minority and gave them governmental positions
• In 1926, Belgium introduced an Ethnic Identification system

PRE-GENOCIDE

• In the 1950's Tutsis started questioning colonial rule
• After this, Belgium started favoring the Hutu majority
• In 1960, Hutu's were being put in elections organized by Belgium
• Rwanda gained its independence on July 1 1962
• It was ruled by the Parmehutu, the Hutu political party

FORMATION OF RESENT

• Habyarimana was the 2nd PRES. of Rwanda
• In the 1980's the Rwandan Patriotic Front was established (RPF)
• The RPF was used to get Hutus to hate the Tutsis

THE ATTACK

ATTACK & INVASION

• In 1990, the RPF invaded Rwanda
• Ethnic tension built up, and the Tutsis wanted to enslave the Hutus
• A cease fire was called in 1993

SHOOTING DOWN THE PRES

• On April 6 1994, President Habyarimana's plane was shot down, and the genocide commenced

THE GENOCIDE

• Killings instantly began right after the assassination
• Agathe Uwilingiyimana takes power as president, but is killed 14 hours later
• The Hutu Extremist radio encouraged the killing of "cockroaches" (Hutu Moderates and Tutsis)
• Mass killings plagued the country

GENOCIDE AND CHAOS

• Most victims were killed in their own villages
• A massacre in Nyarubuye took place where 1500 Tutsis took refuge in a church
• Over 500,000 Tutsi women were raped

THE GENOCIDE

• 10,000+ people were killed daily
• 400,000 children were left as orphans
• Mass graves contained 50,000+ people

Untitled Slide

INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT

• The UN was barely involved in the Genocide while it was happening
• Evacuation was led by the UN forces but used for solely foreigners

THE AFTERMATH

AFTER THE GENOCIDE

CONSEQUENCES

• Many children were orphaned and forced to join the massacre which caused trauma and PTSD
• UNICEF helps Rwandan youth by educating them about genocide and helping survivors cope with that happened 20 years ago

POST-GENOCIDE

• Rwanda now promotes forgiveness for everything that has happened

SURVIVOR STORIES

RESPONSIBILITY

As the members of a new adolescent generation, it is our responsibility to make sure that we keep our morals and beliefs throughout our lives. Though we are a diverse population of ethnic groups, religions, races, and cultures - we should be a generation that maintains peace in our world. Although there is no guarantee something as inhumane as this will be never be repeated, our generation can take on the responsibilities of being tolerant and respectful to other practices outside of our own. We can do this by being open minded individuals who care about society and mankind as a whole.

"Rwanda can be a paradise again, but it will take the love of the entire world to heal my homeland. And that's as it should be, for what happened in Rwanda happened to us all - humanity was wounded by the genocide. "
-Immaculee Ilibagiza

BIBLIOGRAPHY

THANK YOU❤️