THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

*MAIN FUNCTION

• Mechanical
• Protection
• Metabolic

*MECHANICAL

• Our bones provide a framework for the attachment of muscles and tissues.
• The bones help support our body.

*PROTECTION

• Bone keep our marrow protected in the inside.
• Our skull and our rib cages protect some of our important organs.

*METABOLIC

• Mineral storage- Bones serve as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus.
• Blood cell production- blood cell production occurs in the red marrow.
• Energy storage- lipids in the yellow marrow serve as energy resevoir.

*BABY BONES

• A child has approximately 300 boned when they are born.
• As they grow, the bones fuse together.

*ADULT BONES

• Bones stop growing at the age of 25.
• By this time a human body has 206 bones.

BONE MARROW

• A spongy, red tissue
• Fills bone cavities of mammals
• Source of red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells

SPINAL COLUMN

• Cervical- consists of 7 bony rings that reside in the neck

SPINAL COLUMN

• Thoracic- 12 thoracic vertebrae between the neck and lumbar vertebrae
• Provides attachment for the ribs and makes up part of the back of the chest.

SPINAL COLUMN

• Lumbar- 5 vertebrae between the thoracic and sacral vertebrae

SPINAL COLUMN

• Sacrum- composed of 5 vertebrae bones
• Between the lumbar vertebrae and the coccyx

SPINAL COLUMN

• Coccyx- small tail-like bone at the bottom of the spine
• Made up of 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae

LONG BONES

• Includes Femur, Humerus, and Tibia
• Classification- long bones include having a body which is longer than it is wide.

SHORT BONES

• Contain mostly spongy bone and shapes roughly as a cube
• Located in the hands and feet
• The kneecap is considered a short bone

FLAT BONES

• Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone
• Flat bones have marrow
• Includes the skull and ribs

IRREGULAR BONES

• These bones have non-uniformed shapes
• Includes vertebrae, sacrum, and mandible
• Consists of cancellous bone

SESAMOID BONES

• Usually short or irregular bone imbedded in a tendon
• Most obvious is the kneecap
• Other sesamoid bones are the Pisiform and 2 bones at base of 1st Metatarsal

DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Herniated disk-
• Problem with one of the rubbery cushions between individual bones that make up spine.
• Like a jelly donut, with a softer center
• Can irritate nearby nerves and result in pain

DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Scoliosis-
• Sideways curvature of the spine
• Usually occurs during growth spurt before puberty

*DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Osteoporosis-
• Decrease in the density in bones
• Decreases strength and resulting in fragile bones

*DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Arthritis-
• Osteoarthritis- most common type of arthritis
• Results from wear and tear on the joint
• Rheumatoid- body's own immune system attacks the synovium
• Inflammatory type of arthritis, chronic and potentially disabling

DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Complex fracture-
• A closed fracture in which the soft tissue around the bone is severely damaged

DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Greenstick fracture-
• Occurs when a bone bends or cracks

DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Kyphosis-
• Forward rounding of the back
• Most common in older women

DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Lordosis-
• The lower back has an excessive curvature
• Occurs when the lumbar region curves more than normal

FUN FACTS

• The human skeleton has 206 bones
• The hands and feet contain over half of the body's bones
• Some people have an extra rib that can cause health issues
• Almost every bone is connected to another bone
• Humans have been dealing with bone tumors for 120k years

Untitled Slide

• People dont directly control their bones
• Bones are six times more stronger than steel
• Smallest bone is the size of rice grain
• Bones are alive (many think they are dead cells)
• Our pelvis is our largest bone