The Sumarians
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SUMARIANS
BY BROOKE
Dates,existance,location of the Sumarians
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Sumarian civilization had emerged upon the flood plain of the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers about 4000 BC. Sumar is the earliest known civilization wich is located in southernmost part of mesopotamia that is between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Wich is now in the area that later became Babylonia and is now southern iraq,from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf. In about 2000 BC. Sargon had established and empire in Mesopotamia wich included the area of Sumar. The sumarians had then disappeared from history about 2000 BC. As the result from military domination by very Semetic peoples.
Photo by Finding Dan | Dan Grinwis
City-State of the Sumarians
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Sumar was originally made of two parts,this is where all the farming and growing crops took place. They would grow wheat,barley. There was also a central city were you would find a main temple,shops and homes. This lay-out led to the formation of the city state,which meant a political unit made up of a central city and all of the country side around it. The first city in sumar had 10,000 residents. The cities had grew over time. Some of the sumar cities had more than 100,000 residents. The city states would fight each other to gain more farmland. The city states had to build up strong armies and strong thick walls.
Photo by Matt Antonioli
Government of Sumarians
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Religion played a huge role in the daily lives of the sumarians. While most people in the united states practice a religion where they woreship one god , the sumarians woreship many gods. This is called Polytheism, they had an air god, a god of wisdom, a godess of love and more, a sun god, and they also had a moon god. All of these gods were responsible for the good things in life such as (good harvest and whealth) also the bad things in life such as (droughts, floods,and illness). The most importantly main goal was to please all the GODS!
Photo by wbeem
Cuneiform
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Sumarians had developed Cuneiform, the worlds first system of writing. When the sumarians were using cuneiform scribs or writters,had kept goverment record,wrote down trade activitys,and composed poems about gods and epics about heros. Cuneiform first began by a system of pictograms,stemming from an earlier system of shaped tokens that were used for accounting. Cuneiform is distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets,that are made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. The name cuneiform itself means wedge shaped.
Photo by A.Davey
Achievments of the Sumarians
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Sumarians had many accomplishments and they even continue to impact us today. The sumarians were the first people to build wheeled vehicles, such as carts. The sumarians also invented the plow wich had gradualy increased agriculture production. They had also developed a math system based on the number 60,dividing a circle into 360 degrees,and dividing a year into 12 months,measurments to still be used today. In the ancient times the sumarians built large pyramid-shaped temples called ziggurats. Some of them have walls that are still standing today.
Agriculture and trade of the Sumarians
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The epic of Gilgamesh refers to the trade of the far land goods,such as wood that were a scarce in mesopotamia. Also cedar from Lebanon was prized. The sumarians offered cloth wool,cloth,jewelery,oil,grains and wine for the trade. The types of jewelery and jems they would offer was like Lapis-lazuli. The wool the sumarians would trade was for animals such as sheep and goats. Mesopotamia would also trade barley,tone,wood,pearls,carnelian,copper,ivory,textiles, and reeds.
Photo by Artiom Ponkratenko
