Titanic
My haiku deck on the titanic
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
TITANIC "THE UNSINKABLE SHIP"
- commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. It was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster.[2] Titanic was under the command of Edward Smith, who also went down with the ship. The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States. The first-class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury, with an on-board gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants and opulent cabins. A high-powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger "marconigrams" and for the ship's operational use.[3] Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people—about half the number on board, and one third of her total capacity—due to outdated maritime safety regulations. The ship carried 16 lifeboat davits which could lower three lifeboats each, for a total of 48 boats. However, Titanic carried only a total of 20 lifeboats, four of which were collapsible and proved hard to launch during the sinking.[4] After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912, Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown (now Cobh) in Ireland before heading west to New York.[5] On 14 April, four days into the crossing and about 375 miles (600 km) south of Newfoundland, she hit an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. ship's time. The collision caused the hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard (right) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea; she could only survive four flooding. Meanwhile, passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which were launched only partially loaded. A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a "women and children first" protocol for loading lifeboats.[6] At 2:20 a.m., she broke apart and foundered with well over one thousand people still aboard. Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors. The disaster was met with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and the regulatory and operational failures that led to it. Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to major improvements in maritime safety. One of their most important legacies was the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), which still governs maritime safety today. Additionally, several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications—which could have saved many more passengers.[7] The wreck of Titanic was discovered in 1985 (more than 70 years after the disaster), and remains on the seabed. The ship was split in two and is gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12,415 feet (3,784 m). Thousands of artefacts have been recovered and displayed at museums around the world. Titanic has become one of the most famous ships in history; her memory is kept alive by numerous works of popular culture, including books, folk songs, films, exhibits, and memorials. Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world, only beaten by her sister HMHS Britannic, the largest ever sunk. The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TITANIC
- Beam: 92 ft 6 in (28.2 m) Height: 175 ft (53.3 m) (keel to top of funnels) Draught: 34 ft 7 in (10.5 m) Depth: 64 ft 6 in (19.7 m) Decks: 9 (A–G) Installed power: 24 double-ended and five single-ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers, and a low-pressure turbine for the centre propeller;[1] output: 46,000 HP Propulsion: Two three-blade wing propellers and one four-blade centre propeller Speed: Cruising: 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph). Max: 24 kn (44 km/h; 28 mph) Capacity: Passengers: 2,435, crew: 892. Total: 3,327 (or 3,547 according to other sources) Notes: Lifeboats: 20 (sufficient for 1,178 people)
Photo by jfhweb
DIMENSIONS AND LAYOUTS OF THE TITANIC
- All three of the Olympic-class ships had ten decks (excluding the top of the officers' quarters), eight of which were for passenger use. From top to bottom, the decks were: The Boat Deck, on which the lifeboats were housed. It was from here during the early hours of 15 April 1912 that Titanic's lifeboats were lowered into the North Atlantic. The bridge and wheelhouse were at the forward end, in front of the captain's and officers' quarters. The bridge stood 8 feet (2.4 m) above the deck, extending out to either side so that the ship could be controlled while docking. The wheelhouse stood directly behind and above the bridge. The entrance to the First Class Grand Staircase and gymnasium were located midships along with the raised roof of the First Class lounge, while at the rear of the deck were the roof of the First Class smoke room and the relatively modest Second Class entrance. The wood-covered deck was divided into four segregated promenades: for officers, First Class passengers, engineers, and Second Class passengers respectively. Lifeboats lined the side of the deck except in the First Class area, where there was a gap so that the view would not be spoiled.[21][22] A Deck, also called the Promenade Deck, extended along the entire 546 feet (166 m) length of the superstructure. It was reserved exclusively for First Class passengers and contained First Class cabins, the First Class lounge, smoke room, reading and writing rooms and Palm Court.[21] B Deck, the Bridge Deck, was the top weight-bearing deck and the uppermost level of the hull. More First Class passenger accommodations were located here with six palatial staterooms (cabins) featuring their own private promenades. On Titanic, the À La Carte Restaurant and the Café Parisien provided luxury dining facilities to First Class passengers. Both were run by subcontracted chefs and their staff; all were lost in the disaster. The Second Class smoking room and entrance hall were both located on this deck. The raised forecastle of the ship was forward of the Bridge Deck, accommodating Number 1 hatch (the main hatch through to the cargo holds), numerous pieces of machinery and the anchor housings.[b] Aft of the Bridge Deck was the raised Poop Deck, 106 feet (32 m) long, used as a promenade by Third Class passengers. It was where many of Titanic's passengers and crew made their last stand as the ship sank. The forecastle and Poop Deck were separated from the Bridge Deck by well decks.[23][24] C Deck, the Shelter Deck, was the highest deck to run uninterrupted from stem to stern. It included both well decks; the aft one served as part of the Third Class promenade. Crew cabins were housed below the forecastle and Third Class public rooms were housed below the Poop Deck. In between were the majority of First Class cabins and the Second Class library.[23][25] D Deck, the Saloon Deck, was dominated by three large public rooms—the First Class Reception Room, the First Class Dining Saloon and the Second Class Dining Saloon. An open space was provided for Third Class passengers. First, Second and Third Class passengers had cabins on this deck, with berths for firemen located in the bow. It was the highest level reached by the ship's watertight bulkheads (though only by eight of the fifteen bulkheads).[23][26] E Deck, the Upper Deck, was predominantly used for passenger accommodation for all three classes plus berths for cooks, seamen, stewards and trimmers. Along its length ran a long passageway nicknamed Scotland Road, in reference to a famous street in Liverpool. Scotland Road was used by Third Class passengers and crew members.[23][27] F Deck, the Middle Deck, was the last complete deck and mainly accommodated Second and Third Class passengers and several departments of the crew. The Third Class dining saloon was located here, as were the swimming pool and Turkish bath.[23][27] G Deck, the Lower Deck, was the lowest complete deck that carried passengers, and had the lowest portholes, just above the waterline. The squash court was located here along with the traveling post office where letters and parcels were sorted ready for delivery when the ship docked. Food was also stored here. The deck was interrupted at several points by orlop (partial) decks over the boiler, engine and turbine rooms.[23][28] The Orlop Decks and the Tank Top below that were on the lowest level of the ship, below the waterline. The orlop decks were used as cargo spaces, while the Tank Top—the inner bottom of the ship's hull—provided the platform on which the ship's boilers, engines, turbines and electrical generators were housed. This area of the ship was occupied by the engine and boiler rooms, areas which passengers would have been prohibited from seeing. They were connected with higher levels of the ship by flights of stairs; twin spiral stairways near the bow provided access up to D Deck.[23][28]
FAMOUS PEOPLE ON THE TITANIC
- John Jacob's son Vincent. Also he was the richest man aboard the ship, when his body was recovered he had $2440 on him. 2) Margaret Brown (The Unsinkable Molly Brown) Famous for taking control of lifeboat 6 when the crew in charge of that particular lifeboat refused to go back to look for survivors for fear of being pulled down from the suction of the ship or the people who were in the water swamping the boat. 3) Benjamin Guggenheim Famous for not only having his mistress, Léontine Aubart (a French singer) with him on the ship but also going to the first class smoking room with his valet and await death like gentleman. 4) Captain Edward John Smith Famous for being nicknamed the millionaires captain, it became a custom for the company to appoint him to the command of each of their finest ships as it came into operation. 5) Isidor and Ida Straus Famous for was co-owner of Macy's department store with his brother and to stay with her husband as they had been together for so long she didn’t want to leave him. 6) Thomas Andrews Famous for being the designer of Titanic and he was last seen by a steward looking at a painting of Plymouth. 7) Lady Duff Gordon Famous for being a top fashion designer and was the first English designer to achieve international renown. 8) Lady Countess Rothes (Lucy Noël Martha Dyer- Edwards) Famous for helping to steer the lifeboat she was in, to safety and was given a plaque from that lifeboat by the crew member in charge, representing the number. 9) Millvina Dean Famous for being the youngest survivor and last remaining survivor until she died in 2009 aged 97. 10) The Band (Brailey, Bricoux, Hartley, Hume, Krins, Taylor and Woodward) Famous for being seen as heroes, they played to keep the passengers calm as the ship was sinking.
LIFEBOATS
- Englehardt "collapsible" (wooden bottom, collapsible canvas sides) lifeboats (identified as A to D) with a capacity of 47 people each. In addition, she had two emergency cutters with a capacity of 40 people each.[67][e] Olympic herself did not even carry the four collapsibles A–D during the 1911–12 season. All of the lifeboats were stowed securely on the boat deck and, except for collapsible lifeboats A and B, connected to davits by ropes. Those on the starboard side were odd-numbered 1–15 from bow to stern, while those on the port side were even-numbered 2–16 from bow to stern.[68]
TITANIC LONGEST LIVING SURVIVOR
- Eliza Gladys "Millvina" Dean (2 February 1912 – 31 May 2009) was a British civil servant, cartographer, and the last remaining survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912.[1] At 2 months old, she was also the youngest passenger aboard.[2]
- Born Eliza Gladys Millvina Dean 2 February 1912 Branscombe, Devon, England Died 31 May 2009 (aged 97) Ashurst, Hampshire, England Cause of death Pneumonia Resting place Cremated, ashes scattered in Southampton, Hampshire, UK Occupation civil servant, cartographer Known for Youngest passenger aboard and last remaining survivor of the RMS Titanic Parent(s) Bertram Frank Dean(deceased) Georgette Eva Light(deceased) Relatives Bertram Vere Dean (brother)(deceased)
TITANIC TIMELINE
- Date Time Details 29th July 1908 The design for the Titanic was approved. 31st March 1909 The keel of Titanic was laid 31st May 1911 12 noon The hull of Titanic was successfully launched January 1912 Sixteen wooden lifeboats were fitted on board the Titanic 31st March 1912 The fitting of Titanic was completed 2nd April 1912 6:00 Titanic began sea trials 3rd April 1912 Titanic arrived in Southampton 10th April 1912 9:30-11:30 a.m. Passengers arrived in Southampton and began boarding the ship. 10th April 1912 Noon The Titanic set sail and began her maiden voyage. 10th April 1912 18:30 Titanic reached Cherbourg, France and picked up more passengers 11th April 1912 11.30 am Titanic reached Queenstown, Ireland 12th, 13th April 1912 The Titanic sailed through calm waters. 14th April 1912 Throughout the day seven iceberg warnings were received 14th April 1912 11:40 p.m. Lookout Frederick Fleet spotted an iceberg dead ahead. The iceberg struck the Titanic on the starboard (right) side of her bow. 14th April 1912 11:50 p.m. Water had poured in and risen 14 feet in the front part of the ship 15th April 1912 12:00 a.m. The captain was told the ship can only stay afloat for a couple of hours. He gave the order to call for help over the radio. 15th April 1912 12:05 a.m. The orders were given to uncover the lifeboats and to get passengers and crew ready on deck. There was only room in the lifeboats for half of the estimated 2,227 on board. 15th April 1912 12:25 a.m. The lifeboats began being loaded with women and children first. The Carpathia, southeast of the Titanic by about 58 miles, picked up the distress call and began sailing to rescue passengers. 15th April 1912 12:45 a.m. The first lifeboat was safely lowered away. Although it could carry 65 people, it left with only 28 on board. The first distress rocket was fired. Eight rockets were fired the whole night. 15th April 1912 2:05 a.m. The last lifeboat left the ship. There were now over 1,500 people left on the ship. The tilt of Titanic’s deck grew steeper and steeper. 15th April 1912 2.17 am The last radio message was sent. The captain announced ‘Every man for himself’ 15th April 1912 2:20 a.m. The Titanic’s broken off stern settled back into the water, becoming more level for a few moments. Slowly it filled with water and tilted its end high into the air before sinking into the sea. People in the water slowly froze to death. 15th April 1912 3.30 am Carpathia’s rockets were spotted by the survivors 15th April 1912 4:10 a.m. The first lifeboat was picked up by the Carpathia. 15th April 1912 8:50 a.m. The Carpathia left the area bound for New York. She had on board 705 survivors of the Titanic disaster 18th April 1912 9:00 p.m. The Carpathia arrived in New York. 19th April to 25th May American enquiry into the disaster was held 22nd April to 15th May Several ships were sent to the disaster site to recover bodies. A total of 328 bodies were found floating in the area. 2nd May to 3rd July British Board of Trade enquiry into the disaster was held.
Photo by Artiom G.
COST+FACTS😮
- Titanic-Cost 7,500,000
- White Star Line was the company that built the Titanic, and was owned by J.P. Morgan, an American tycoon. The cost to build the RMS Titanic was $7.5 million RMS stands for Royal Mail Steamer. It took 3,000 men two years to build the Titanic. Three million rivets held its massive hull together. The Titanic was never christened. It was not the practice of the White Star Line to hold such ceremonies. Price of a single first-class ticket was $4,700. (equals $50,000 in today's economy) Although there were 4 funnels (smoke stacks), only 3 were operational. The 4th funnel was for looks. As the Titanic was leaving the port, the suction it caused actually snapped the ropes of a nearby docked ship. (The S.S. New York) Tugboats had to race to the scene to prevent the New York from colliding with the Titanic. Some people aboard the Titanic and on the dock felt this occurrence to be a bad omen. The Iceberg There were 6 ice warnings received by Titanic on the day of the collision. They were all ignored by the wireless operator who was preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. On the night of the collision, because the moon was not out, and the water was so still, it was very difficult to see the iceberg. A less calm water would have caused breakers around the iceberg making it easier to see it from afar. The iceberg that the Titanic struck was not a very big one. It did not even come up as high as the bridge of the ship. The iceberg that the Titanic struck was unusual in such a way that it was not white like most others, but more of a clear look caused by continuous melting. The clear surface in effect reflected the dark night sky and water like a mirror, thereby making it a black object, almost impossible to see from a certain distance. The term for this kind of iceberg is "blackberg", and is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads. An iceberg exposes only 1/10th of it's mass above water. With the other 9/10ths of it's mass below water, It makes them impossible to budge. Even with a force of a ship like the Titanic. Collision / Damage The Titanic was traveling 22.5 knots while cruising through iceberg laden waters. Just .5 knot from her maximum speed capability. The collision occurred at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. Murdoch had ordered the engines reversed which had, ironically, sealed the Titanic's doom. Like all ships, the Titanic turned more quickly the greater her forward motion. Had the Titanic proceeded ahead and turned, it is most likely that she would have avoided hitting the iceberg all together. The gash that the iceberg cut into the hull of the Titanic was between 220 to 245 feet long. The total length of the ship was approximately 882 feet. Though the damage in the hull was 220 to 245 feet long, the most recent evidence shows that there was only a 12 square foot opening (the size of a refrigerator) in the hull allowing water inside the ship. The "watertight" compartments of the Titanic's hull were not actually watertight. They were open at the tops, which aided in her demise. The ship could have stayed afloat had only four compartments flooded... Five became flooded. Survivors / Casualties 1,503 people total died, including passengers and crew. Only 705 people survived. 962 lifeboat seats were required by law. 1,178 lifeboat seats were carried aboard. 2,208 lifeboat seats were needed. One of the first lifeboats to leave the Titanic carried only 28 people; it could have held 64 people. There were 472 lifeboat seats not used. There were enough life-jackets for all 2,208 people, and most everyone was wearing one. 300 dead bodies were pulled from the sea the next morning. They were found floating in their life-jackets. Many other floating bodies were not found because they had drifted off. Very few people actually went down with the ship. Most died and drifted away in their life-jackets. The temperature of the Atlantic at the time of sinking was 31 degrees. This temperature was the biggest cause of death among the population. There were many dogs aboard the Titanic. Two of the dogs survived. Orders from the Captain were that, women and children were to board the lifeboats first. One man, Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to get aboard a lifeboat. Charles Joughin was the only person to survive the ice cold Atlantic water...He reportedly had been drinking heavily. Of children fatalities, only 1 child from first class died, while 49 children from steerage died. The Final Moments Passengers rode the stationary bicycles in the Gymnasium to pass time before the ship sank! The band played music up to the last few minutes before the ship went under. None survived. One of the last songs the band reportedly played before their death was, "Songe d'Automne". As the ship was sinking, the stern rose out of the water, and broke into two pieces between the third and fourth funnels. Titanic Today The Titanic lies 12,600 feet (over 2.33 miles) at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. The two pieces of the Titanic lay 1,970 feet apart from one another on the ocean floor. Because the front section of the Titanic went down nose first, the bow is buried 60 feet below the ocean floor. The huge gash is also buried. (Recent technology has allowed visual access to the damaged area of the hull) The Titanic was rediscovered on July 14th, 1986. 74 years after it sank. Since the death of Millvina Dean, May 31st of 2009, there are no longer any living survivors of the Titanic tragedy. Millvina Dean was just nine weeks old at the time of the Titanic's sinking. April 14th, 2012 will be the 100th anniversary of the Titanic's sinking.
Photo by Ochre Jelly
EVENT LIKE THE TITANIC
- Costa Concordia crash
- Three people were confirmed dead and 40 injured when the £370 million Costa Concordia, with 3,200 passengers on board, hit a reef that ripped a hole in its side.one night the ship’s captain and the first officer were arrested of suspicion of manslaughter and abandoning ship. Divers were to resume the search for bodies at first light this morning. The worst cruise ship accident in living memory happened at night, with the Concordia plunged into darkness by an apparent power failure. Passengers and crew likened it to scenes from the film Titanic, as they told of their terror when the ship listed sharply and then capsized in 50 feet of water, all within the space of about an hour. The collision caused mass panic, not helped by the decision to delay the order to evacuate for 45 minutes. Some passengers jumped into the water and tried to swim to shore as lifeboats could not be launched or were full. At least one passenger is thought to have died when he hit the water and suffered a heart attack. There were fears that others, including some crew, may have drowned after becoming trapped on lower decks which flooded as the ship tilted. Related Articles Rescue effort under way for two survivors trapped on ship 14 Jan 2012 Chaos as order came to abandon ship 14 Jan 2012 Perfect storm of events caused Costa Concordia crash 14 Jan 2012 Helicopters assist stricken cruise ship evacuation 14 Jan 2012 Cruise disaster: will it put off passengers? 14 Jan 2012 Cruise disaster: passenger's anger at ship crew 14 Jan 2012 An investigation by Italian prosecutors began yesterday. The consequences for a cruise industry worth billions of pounds could be devastating. Investigators will want to know why the 1,000ft-long ship ran aground and how it began to sink in such a short time. The Concordia was just two hours into its journey from a port near Rome to Savona in northern Italy when it crashed into rocks, ripping a 160ft-long hole in its hull, at about 9.30pm on Friday. It is not clear why the ship, with its sophisticated navigation equipment, did not detect the reef. Before he was arrested, Captain Francesco Schettino said: “As we were navigating at cruise speed, we hit a rocky spur. According to the nautical chart, there should have been sufficient water underneath us.” It appears the ship steered toward shallow waters near the island of Giglio, but became unstable and capsized. Italian authorities said last night that two French tourists and one Peruvian sailor had drowned. Officials in Porto Santo Stefano said up to 40 people remained unaccounted for, but it was unclear if they were saved in the chaotic rescue or had drowned. The Foreign Office was unable to confirm reports that all 37 Britons known to be on board — 25 passengers and 12 crew — were safe. The majority of the passengers were Italian with others from the U.S, France and Germany. Ennio Aquilini, the head of the fire service rescue operation, said: “We are not sure of the numbers, we cannot exclude that some people are missing, in fact it is very probable.” Giuseppe Linardi, a senior regional official, said the ship’s owner had reported that dozens of the 4,234 passengers and crew were missing. The accident occurred as some passengers were taking their seats for the second dinner sitting. Others were watching a magic show, when the magician fled the stage, prompting panic. Passengers and crew were left terrified as the ship began to list and water poured into cabins. Agata Martisi, 40, said: “We were having dinner when I heard a huge bang and suddenly it felt as if the ship was being ripped apart. I turned to my husband and said, 'My God, that sounds like we’re on the Titanic’.” It was announced over the Tannoy that there had been a technical problem and passengers were told not to worry. It took about another hour for horns to sound, signalling the order to abandon ship. As the ship began to list badly, some lifeboats could not be lowered into the water. Mandy and John Rodford, from Rochester, Kent, were forced to slide the width of the deck in order to reach lifeboats that were still usable. “We had to climb out of that one and climb back up on to the ship’s deck and slide down its width towards the side of the ship that was leaning closest to the water,” said Mr Rodford. “When we got to the railings we managed to jump on to the bottom of an upturned lifeboat and from there on to another lifeboat that was still upright.” One crewman said some men had ignored the request for women and children to go first because fathers did not want to be parted from their families. Fabio Costa said last night: “We were giving priority to kids and women and trying to leave the men until last but they were not accepting it because it was their families … We were just trying to stop people getting stepped on.” Fishing boats, ferries and helicopters joined the rescue.
Photo by chief_huddleston
THE STORY OF THE TITANIC 🚢
- In 1911 the titanic was thought of by Thomas Andrews and construction began in 1912 it was complete a few month's later it set her maiden voyage picking up people from the u.k. And the u.n. And Ireland They picked up and dropped people off from all around the globe until one night the wireless receiver ignored the iceberg warnings and continued the passenger announcements and then the captain hit an iceberg they waited 60 minutes before releasing a lifeboat when they did release a lifeboat they were partially filled leaving 1,503 dead it could have held 64 but instead it was 28,1 kid died in first class,15 people died in 2nd class,66 people died in 3rd class i blame the captain and the wireless receiver because they didn't do their job the proper way the wireless receiver ignoring the messages and the captain for not turning back to land they could have made it since it was 400 miles and the top speed is 23 knots and it could go 883 mph so they could have easily made it back to shore and they were nearly to new York it was just 375 miles they could have made it but they ignored the warning's that killed hundreds of people aboard the titanic
THE END OF MY PROJECT
- This is the end of the titanic project by Dantana Ramey Joseph jarvis
Photo by Luis.Vieira
