AUGUSTUS CAESAR

BACKGROUND

• First emperor(or princep [chief citizen])of Roman empire
• Replaced Roman republic with effective monarchy
• Intiated a golden age known as pax romana
• Ruled from 27bc till his death in 14ad
• Took on the name Augustus after becoming emperor

EARLY LIFE

• Born in 63bc as Octavius
• Father was a senator and governor in Roman Republic
• Adopted in 44bc by his great uncle- Julius Caesar
• Named Octavian after adoption
• Heir and successor to Caesar in his will

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE

• Formed in 43bc by Octavius, Marc Antony, and Marcus Lepidus
• Divided empire into 3 parts: Octavius-west;Antony-east;Lepidus-Africa
• Anthony divorced his wife and Octavius' sister for Cleopatra
• Octavius declares war on Anthony and Cleopatra and defeats them
• Octavius becomes emperor

PAX ROMANA

• Roman golden age 27bc-180ad
• Population swelled to about 70million
• Partanon and road system build die to the discovery of concrete
• Rome's finest writers such as Livy, Virgil, and Horace alive during this period
• 200 years of economic prosperity and unprecedented peace

PERSONAL LIFE AND DEATH

• Married 3 times
• Some believe his last wife Livia poisoned him
• Otherwise believed to have died of natural causes
• Died in Nola, Italy by the age of 76

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

• The month of August is named after Augustus Caesar
• He adopted two of his grand-children
• He died in the same city as his father
• He struggled with his health eversince childhood
• His sucessor was his stepson Tiberius