THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A LEADER DIES?

• Uncertainty about China's future
• Jiang Qing, Mao's wife had grew powerful
• Deng still believed in modernization
• What is more important:
• Means or the end?

GANG OF FOUR

• Radical Revolutionaries:
• Jiang Qing, symbol of Cultural Rev
• Yao Wenyuan, Propaganda
• Zhang Chunqiao, deputy secretatry
• Wang Hongwen, union leader

CORE POLITICAL BELIEFS

• Uphold Mao's values
• Eliminate burgeois class and ideas
• Attack the Four Olds
• Attack all Western icons and structures

DENG XIAOPING

• Son of a Wealthy Land-owner
• Studied in France
• Firmly believed in Socialism
• Also in Modernization and Industralization
• Believed in a strong authoritarian state

MAO'S SUCCESSOR

• Before dying Mao chose Hua Guofeng
• The Gang of Four protested violently
• Hua Guonfeng was unknown by the people and leadership
• People also rejected the Gang of Four
• People were clearly against the Cultural Revolution

LAST DAYS OF MAO

• Chinese people were resented with their government
• Demanded a moderate government, "Deng Xiaoping"
• Mao order a violent repression against his own people
• It was clear that change had to come

THE GANG OF FOUR'S LAST MOVE

• Jiang Qing tried to seize this opportunity
• She modified Mao's writing
• People and Army slowly turned thier backs
• China was not ready for a woman

THE RISE OF HUA

• Mao's Funeral
• Delivered a powerful and emotional speech
• Quoted Mao and directly criticized the Gang of Four
• Hua had secured his position long before Mao's death

FINALLY,

• The Gang of Four tried to execute a Coup
• Their military support was scarce
• Arms were scarce too
• Their plans to assassinate Hua were discovered
• Most members were arrested

MADAME MAO

• Portrayed as power-hungry woman
• She was detained for five years
• At her trial, she blamed Mao
• Never accepted any charges, not the atrocities
• She committed suicide

Hua's Government

• From 1976-1981
• Hua became P.M., Party Chairman and Military Commander 
• Deng became his Right Hand
• Adopted an Industrialized-base economy 
• The "Two Whatevers" Policy 

The Rise of DENG

• During the Gang of Four's trial
• Hua was accused of his participation during the Cultural Revolution
• Hua resisted to detach himself from Mao
• People accused Hua of the C.R. Massacres
• He gave up his position in 1981

Continuation

• By 1981, most political leadership supported DENG
• Clearly he was the only option for China
• He naturally assumed power 
• Promised to transform China

The Four Modernizations

March 30 1979

• A fundamental political Speech:
• We must uphold the socialist Road
• We must uphold the Dictatorship of Proletarian
• Uphold the Party's Leadership
• Uphold Marxist/ Mao's Ideas 

What does this mean?

• He is asserting his power as the next Chinese Leader 
• He is making a "symbolic" peace with Mao
• He is also declaring himself as a socialist
• He is reaching out to the USSR

TWO PLANS COMBINED

• The Ten-Year Plan, announced by Hua in 1976 
• Relentless plan to modernize China
• Heavy Industrialization
• Coal and Steel the keystones of POWER

What was required?

• A Mix economy:
• Western Private investment/ State-owned enterprises 
• Absolute control over the Government and its policies
• State-Capitalism
• A pragmatic leader 

The Outcomes

• Since 1980, 10% GDP Steady growth
• 30% Growth in Steel Production
• 415% Growth in Coal Production
• 100% Growth in Oil Productio

China's Position in a Global World

• Top coal producer
• Top 5 oil producer
• Top steel producer