Tornadoes form in unusually violent thunderstorms when there is sufficient instability and wind shear present in the lower atmosphere. Instability refers to unusually warm and humid conditions in the lower atmosphere, and possibly cooler than usual conditions in the upper atmosphere.
The land in the Great Plains is relatively flat, which allows cold dry polar air from Canada to meet warm moist tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. It's along the front between the two airmasses that most tornadoes form. Most tornadoes in the United States form in an area called Tornado Alley.
An overpass as tornado shelter can put people at a greater risk of being killed or seriously injured by flying debris from the powerful tornado winds. Wind speeds in tornadoes can exceed 200 mph.
Go into shelters, get to the lowest point in the ground, and stay away from windows.
The EF Scale is the standard way to measure tornadoes based on wind damage. The original Fujita Scale was developed by Dr. Theodore Fujita. All tornadoes, and other severe local windstorms, were assigned a number according to the most intense damage caused by the storm.
The Tornado outbreak of August 24, 2006 was an outbreak of 14 tornadoes in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota on August 24, 2006. The outbreak spawned three F3 tornadoes, one of which caused a fatality in Kasota, Minnesota.
14 tornadoes, 3 F3 tornadoes,$130 million dollars of damage, 1 death 40 injures, and affected the upper midwest.