Unit 11 Reconstruction
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Reconstruction 1865-1877
The period after the Civil War, 1865 - 1877, was called the Reconstruction period. Abraham Lincoln started planning for the reconstruction of the South during the Civil War as Union soldiers occupied huge areas of the South. He wanted to bring the Nation back together as quickly as possible and in December 1863 he offered his plan for Reconstruction which required that the States new constitutions prohibit slavery.
13TH AMENDMENT
PASSED BY CONGRESS ON JANUARY 31, 1865, AND RATIFIED ON DECEMBER 6, 1865, T
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."
CARPETBAGGER
In United States history, a carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War, during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877). White Southerners denounced them fearing they would loot and plunder the defeated South.
14TH AMENDMENT
- The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
- The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
ANDREW JOHNSON
- With Congress in adjournment from April to Dec., 1865, Johnson put his plan into operation. Under provisional governors appointed by him, the Southern states held conventions that voided or repealed their ordinances of secession, abolished slavery, and (except South Carolina) repudiated Confederate debts.
RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION
also known as Congressional Reconstruction, was the time when congressional Republicans, moderates and Radicals, controlled Reconstruction in the South. Prior to Republican control, Andrew Johnson’s Presidential Reconstruction had allowed ex-Confederate leaders to regain power in southern state governments
FREEDMAN BUREA
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands was established in March 3, 1865 after two years of bitter debate. The Freedmen Bureau, as it was commonly called, was to address all matters concerning refugees and freedmen within the states that were under reconstruction. The Bureau was not appropriated a budget of its own, but was instead commissioned as a subsidiary of the War Department and depended upon it for funds and staff.
SHARECROPPING
Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South in the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had existed, with slave labor, in the years before the war.
TENANT FARMERS
PERSON WHO FARMS RENTED LAND
SCALAWAGS
white Southerner acting in support of the reconstruction governments after the American Civil War often for private gain.
COMPROMISE OF 1877
The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.
HIRAM RHODES REVELS
was a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), a Republican politician, and college administrator. Born free in North Carolina, he later lived and worked in Ohio, where he voted before the Civil War.
BLACK CODES
n the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
JIM CROW LAWS
Jim Crow refers to a series of racist laws and measures that discriminated against African-Americans.
KU KLUX KLAN
secret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed in the 19th century to resist the emancipation of slaves; used terrorist tactics to suppress Black peoplesecret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed in the 19th century to resist the emancipation of slaves; used terrorist tactics to suppress Black people
HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862
law conferring privileges on owners of homesteads
MORRIL ACT OF 1862
known as the Land Grant College Act. It was a major boost to higher education in America. The grant was originally set up to establish institutions is each state that would educate people in agriculture, home economics, mechanical arts, and other professions that were practical at the time. The land-grant act was introduced by a congressman from Vermont named Justin Smith Morrill. He envisioned the financing of agricultural and mechanical education. He wanted to assure that education would be available to those in all social classes.
DAWES ACT OF 1887
law passed in 1887 by the United States federal government to regulate Native American land
