Unit 2: Vocab.

American Industrial Revolution

• Took place when the Civil war ended.
• Social and economic changes in the U.S. which involved the widespread adoption of industrial methods of production.

Laissez Faire

• a policy that allows businesses to operate with very little interference from the government.

Trust

• A group of corporations run by one board of directors.

Robber baron

• A businessman who uses ruthless business tactics.

Vertical integration

• A single company owns all the different businesses on which it depends for its operations

Horizontal Integration

• Takes over or buys out a competitor in an effort to gain market share.

Political machines

• Control the activities of political parties in the citie.

ellis island

• An island in upper New York Bay: a former U.S. immigrant examination station.

Tenements

• a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments

ethnic enclaves

• Neighborhoods that were separated by ethinic groups

Nativism

• Have a preference for native-born people and had the desire to limit immigration.

Gilded age

• A layer of glitter over the cheap base.

social Darwinism

• A social theory that attempts to adapt Charles Darwin's natural selection principles and apply them to society

Americanization

• Immigrant school children were taught the English language as well as its culture.

populist party

• Dedicated to easing farmers' and workers debt and increasing their government in power.

gospel of wealth

• Wealthy Americans had the responsibility to donating money to further social progress.

social gospel movement

• Religious reforms strove to improve conditions in the cities.

Progressivism

• broad philosophy based on the Idea of Progress, which asserts that advancement in science, technology, economic development, and social organization are vital to improve the human condition.

muckraker

• search out and publicly expose real or apparent misconduct of a prominent individual or business.

Samuel Gompers

• AFL's first leader
• approach to labor relations helped uninions become accepted.

John d. Rockefeller

• Established standard oil
• Controlled some 90% of US refineries.

Andrew carnegie

• Who amassed a fortune in the steel industry.

Jp Morgan

• American financier, banker, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time

Cornelius Vanderbilt

• American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping.

Thomas Edison

• Inventor of the lightbulb

Henry ford

• Inventor of the first affordable car.

William "Boss" Tweed

• American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State

Upton Sinclair

• was an American author who wrote nearly 100 books

Jacob riis

• Danish American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer

Theodore Roosevelt

• was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States, from 1901 to 1909.

William Taft

• American jurist and statesman who served as both the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief Justice of the United States.

Meat Inspection Act

• prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

ICC

• regulated railroad rates

Children's bureau 1912

• Regulated and reported upon the wealth fair of children.

Sherman anti-trust act

• Against monopolies.

16th

• Income taxes

17Th

• direct election of senators

18th

• Banning acohal

19th

• Grants womens RIGHT TO VIOTE!!!!