The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next

The material objects that distinguish a group f opeople, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairsyles, clothing, and jewelry.

Also called SYMBOLIC CULTURE

A group's way of thinking (including it's beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the wolrd) and doing (its common patters of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction).

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life.

The use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors.

Not judging a culture but trying to understand it by its own terms

Something to which people attach meaning and then use to communicate with others

A system of SYMBOLS that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought

Edward Sapir's and Benjamin Wharf's hypothesis that language creates the way of thinking and perceiving

The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.

The expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop to reflect and enforce values.

SANCTIONS: Expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms

POSITIVE SANCTION: A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize

An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution.

Norms that are not strictly enforced.

Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group

A norm so strong it often brings revulsion if violated

The values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world

A group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors places its members in opposition to the broader culture.

A society made up of many different groups.

Values that fit together to form a lager whole

Values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other

IDEAL CULTURE:
The ideal values and norms of a people; the goals held out for them

REAL CULTURE:
The norms and values that people actually follow

A value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group.

TECHNOLOGY: In its narrow sense, tools; ins boarder sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools

NEW TECHNOLOGY: The emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life

CULTURAL LAG: Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations

The spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another

The process by which cultures become similar to one another; especially refers to the process by which U.S. culture is being exported and diffused into other nations