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Urinary Tract Infections
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Published on Nov 23, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
A BRIEF OVERVIEW
2.
INCIDENCE
The second most common infection
10% of women have one each year
Under 60's: more common in women
Over 60's: more common in men
3.
VARIANTS AND BASIC SYMPTOMS
Cystitis affects the urethra and bladder
Pyelonephritis affects the kidneys
Dysuria: Painful urination
Hematuria: Blood in the urine
4.
SYMPTOMS
Cystitis: Dysuria, Frequency, Urgency and Hematuria
Pyelonephritis: Sudden severe loin pain, pyrexia, rigor, nausea and vomiting
Confusion, although this is caused by the bodys reaction to infection due to
An increase in temperature, inflammation and dehydration
5.
MEDICAL MANAGMENT
MSU (midstream specimen of urine)
Urinalysis
FBC, U+E's
Antibiotic
6.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Visico-ureteric reflux
Obstruction
Fistulae
Sexual trauma
Iatrogenic factors
7.
PREGNANCY
Hydroureter: Distension of the ureter with urine
Hydronephrosis: Distension of the kidney pelvis
Caused by relaxation of muscles due to high progesterone levels
Also caused by obstruction of the ureters by the uterus
40-50% UTI's in pregnancy develop into pylonephritis
8.
RISK FACTORS
Female (under 60) male (over 60)
Pregnancy
Catheter, especially long term
Sexually active (in women)
Diabetes
9.
Untitled Slide
10.
TREATMENT FOR CYSTITIS
Nitrofurantoin
Trimethoprim
Both shown to be equally as effective
Trimethoprim resistance is said to be 20-30%
11.
Untitled Slide
12.
QUICK FACTS
Cranberry has yet to be proven as an effective treatment
Women with uncomplicated will be prescribed antibiotics regardless of urinalysis results
It is therefore not necessary for GP's to perform a urinalysis
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