VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

SPONGES

• None or radial symmetry
• Mostly asexual
• Live on shallow ocean floors
• Get food by filtering water, and have no digestive system
• Body functions are carried out by individual cells

CNIDARIANS

• Have radial symmetry
• Reproduce sexually and asexually
• Live in fresh and salt water
• Get food by stinging their prey and grabbing it with their tentacles, they have just one digestive opening
• All are carnivores

WORMS

FLATWORMS

• Have bilateral symmetry
• Reproduce sexually
• Live in fresh water
• Get food by sucking it in with a tube, have just one digestive opening
• Have a simple nervous system

ROUND WORMS

• Have bilateral symmetry
• Reproduce sexually
• Live on land and in water
• Capture prey or eat plants to get food, and have two digestive openings
• Numerous and live in colonies

SEGMENTED WORMS

• Have bilateral symmetry
• Reproduce sexually
• Live on land and in water
• Get food from the soil, and have two openings
• To get oxygen it breathes through its skin

MOLLUSKS, ARTHROPODS, AND ECHINODERMS

MOLLUSKS

• Most have bilateral symmetry
• Reproduce sexually
• Live on land and in water
• Filter and capture prey, have two digestive openings
• All have a soft body and no bones

ARTHROPODS

• Most have bilateral symmetry
• Reproduce sexually
• Live on land and in water
• Capture prey or eat plants, and have two digestive openings
• All have jointed skeletons

ECHINODERMS

• Have radial symmetry
• Reproduce sexually
• Live in salt water
• Have two feet to capture prey or filter water to get food, have two digestive openings
• Includes starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sand dollars.

CRUSTACEANS

• Have three body segments including the head, thorax and abdomen
• Includes shrimp, lobsters, and crabs
• Have a hard outer shell to protect them from predators
• Most reproduce sexually
• Live mostly in salt water, although some live in fresh water and on land

ARACHNIDS

• Have eight legs
• No tentacles
• Most live on land
• Reproduce sexually
• Have a thorax and an abdomen which includes the spinneret used to make webs that catch prey

INSECTS

• Have six jointed legs
• Many have wings
• The only invertebrate that can fly
• Most reproduce sexually, but some kinds do reproduce asexually
• Get oxygen from air ducts on the side of their bodies

CHAPTER 2

FISH

• Have gills which allow them to breathe, fins that help them maneuver through the water, and scales to protect them
• Have a two chambered heart
• Live in fresh and salt water
• Are cold blooded
• Lay uncovered jellylike eggs in the water

AMPHIBIANS

• They are cold blooded
• Have a three chambered heart
• Lay eggs in the water
• Have four limbs
• Some lay in the sun or on warm rocks to get warm and go into the water to cool off

REPTILES

• They don't need water to reproduce
• They are covered in scales or plates that protect them
• They are cold blooded
• Have well developed lungs
• Reproduce both sexually and asexually

BIRDS

• All have wings, feathers
• Have down feathers closer to the skin to keep them warm, and contour feathers that help them fly
• Are warm blooded
• Have beaks that are customized to what they eat like nuts or meat
• Reproduce sexually

MAMMALS

• Most have hair and teeth
• Only animals with a diaphragm
• Are warm blooded
• Have mammary glands
• Smartest and complex animals

SOURCES

• Pictures: Haiku Deck - image library
• Information: Living Things Grow and Respond by Harcourt Science
• Information: Class notes from Bill Nye science videos