Vocabulary Chapter 1&2
Published on Nov 24, 2015
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Vocabulary Chapter 1&2
Kaela Larios Period 6
Enlightenment: an intellectual resolution that challenged traditional authority and gave you the ability to think on your own. This inspired many scientists to come up with many new and better ideas.
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Separation of Powers: Basic principles of American system of government, that the executive, legislative, and judicial powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches of government. This helped prevent from one branch becoming more powerful than the other.
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French and Indian War: This was a seven year war between New England and the American colonies. The cost of the war was expensive for the British(they won) and they expected the colonies to pay.
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Sons of Liberty: This group was created to protect the rights of the american colonists. They did not want to pay high taxes and many other things.
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American Revolution: When the american colonists went against the British authority. It was the first time that a colony overthrew its mother country. This inspired revolutions in Europe and Latin America.
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Declaration of Independence: this said why the colonists should be free of British rule and also gave the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
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Natural Rights: these are the rights to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. People did not have that before so this was a big and better change.
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Articles of Confederation: created a loose union of independent states and weak central government. This showed that the power should not all be in the hands of a state.
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Great Compromise: This was when the Congress split into 2 houses. This worked with both New Jersey and Virginia plan.
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Federalist: They believed that the power should be divided between national and state government. This preserved the rights of the states.
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Anti-Federalist: they thought opposite of what federalist thought. This created controversy between the citizens.
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Federalism: This strengthened the central government but still preserved the rights of the states. This worked for both anti and full federalist.
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Bill of Rights: the first ten amendments to the Constitution and it protected basic rights. This gave citizens more rights and we still go by them nowadays.
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Free exercise Clause: the clause of the first amendment that states that the Congress shall not prohibit the free exercise religion.
Establishment Clause: a clause of the first amendment stating that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.
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Judicial Review: when the supreme court uses it power to determine whether laws of Congress are constitutional and strike down those that are not. This kept order among the nation.
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Louisiana Purchase: when Napoleon sold Louisiana to the US. this helped at the end because we ended up doubling its size.
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Monroe Doctrine: the American continents should no longer be viewed as open to colonization. British couldn't just come and claim analyzed that they want.
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Trail of Tears: Jackson forced the Native Americans to leave their land and travel towards the Mississippi River and during that many of them died which gave it its title.
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Mormons: They believed in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They were being harassed by others so they migrated towards Utah.
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Manifest Destiny: the american idea that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific.
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Second Great Awakening: it reformed temperance, abolition, and women's rights. This created a better society for the nation.
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Abolition: it is the act of banning slavery. many people were enslaved back then and now they were free.
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Emancipation Proclamation: this act freed all slaves in states of war. these people had nowhere to go because now they were free.
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Reconstruction: the period that follows the civil war. Its focus was to help the South rebuild and help former slaves. This lead to some helpful changes to the nation.
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13th Amendment: This banned slavery. Slaves were very popular back then and now that they were free they can do everything they had planned for.
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14th Amendment: This gave citizenship to all African Americans. Many of them were not citizens because most were just used as slaves, but know they can do what a regular American does.
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15th Amendment: This stated that African Americans cannot be denied the right to vote. Even though they were not denied, their were many obstacles they had to pass.
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Freedmen's Bureau: This provided slaves with food, shelter, education, and jobs. Most of these slaves had none of those things so this really helped them.
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Poll Taxes: These are taxes you had to pay in order to vote. Many Africans could not vote now because most did not have money. This limited their rights but not officially.
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Jim Crow: These laws stated that their must be separate everything in order to keep violence out of the picture. At the end, all they are doing is segregating them.
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Lord Baltimore: He was the first to envision the colony in America and find a place where the Catholics and Protestants could grow together.
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John Locke: His ideas went into the Declaration Of Independence. He presented to natural rights which were very important to start of the now nation.
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Thomas Jefferson: He was the author of the Declaration of Independence and was also president during the American Revolution.
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James Madison: he was one of the founding fathers and he was the main writer of the Constitution. he included everything that seemed important during that time era.
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John Marshall: He made the Supreme Court coequal with the other branches. This gave equal power towards the nation. No branch would ever be more powerful that the other.
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Harriet Tubman: She was the main helper of the underground railroad which was a way for the slaves to hide and to transport on new ares. She is still talked about today because it was very impacting what she did.
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Abraham Lincoln: He tried to avoid war but people were worried that he would ban slavery so that led to the civil war.
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Dred Scott vs. Stanford: when an african american man who was enslaved was doing anything is his will togged freedom. This opened the eyes of others to stand up for what they believe in.
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