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Vocabulary

Published on Jan 22, 2016

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Vocabulary

Mitosis and more...
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Chromosome-a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

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Gene- a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

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Allele-one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

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Dominant-Dominant trait refers to a genetic feature that hides the recessive trait in the phenotype of an individual

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Recessive- A genetic trait that results from the expression of the two recessive alleles

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Homozygous-having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics

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Heterozygous-having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristi

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gamete-a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism

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somatic Cell-of or relating to the body, especially as distinct from the mind

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purebred-bred from parents of the same breed or variety

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Hybrid-the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule

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Phenotype-the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism

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Genotype-the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms

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punnet square-a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

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trait-a distinguishing quality or characteristic

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diploid-containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

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haploid-having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

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dihybrid cross-a cross between two different lines that differ in two observed traits

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sex-linked trait-A trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome

Photo by Steve took it
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co-dominance- Of or relating to an equal degree of dominance of two genes, both being expressed in the phenotype of the individual

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incomplete dominance-A condition in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive

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crossing over-the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring

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homologous chromosome-A pair of chromosomes having the same gene sequences, each derived from one parent

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meiosis-a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores

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law of independent assortment-when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together

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law of segregation-stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent

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polyploidy-having a chromosome number that is more than double the basic or haploid number

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pedigree-an ancestral line

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autosome-any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

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karyotype-the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species

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nondisjunction-the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei

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telomere-a compound structure at the end of a chromosome

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