Reformation Effects

England

Henry VIII

• Wanted divorce but Pope would not allow it
• Dismissed the authority of the Pope
• Appointed himself the head of the Church of England

Elizabeth I

• Wanted to settle religious differences in England
• Put former Queen Mary, a violent Catholic, to death and defeated Spanish Armada
• Established the Anglican Church (Church of England
• Anglicanism blended aspects of Catholicism and Protestantism

France

Huguenots

• Years of civil war between the Catholic Monarchy and Huguenots
• Granted the freedom to worship by the Edict of Nantes

Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Richelieu

• Exploited the religious conflict for political gain
• Allied with Protestant German provinces during the 30 Years War
• Undermined Habsburg power in Europe

Catholic Reformation

Council of Trent

• Held from 1545-1563
• Confirmed all Catholic beliefs including indulgences
• Established authority to ban books and try heretics through Inquisition (torture, death)

Jesuits or Society of Jesus

30 Years War

• Result of religious and political conflict between Protestant and Catholic countries
• Last major war in Europe over religion
• Resulted in the permanent decline in power of the Habsburg family in the Holy Roman Empire and of the Pope

Big Picture

• Printing Press led to increased literacy and faster spread of ideas
• Renaissance and Reformation emphasized individual freedom
• Religious conflict ended by compromise and religious tolerance
• Secularism and political power was increasingly more important