Description: Model based on the idea that identifying words involve recoding written language to oral.Students are expected to develop phonemic awareness and the ability to perceive and manipulate phonemes.
Problems: # Teachers are encourage to contextually their phonemic awareness:songs, poems, games. Due to time to create activities excel sizes become too abstract. # Phonemic awareness exercises and tests often include nonsense words. Children and ell don't know their nonsense word:leads to confusion. # Too much time devoted to phonemic awareness. Time takes away from authentic reading experiences. Teachers have less time to read to students and students don't have time for independent reading.