Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar’s rise and fall in the first century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity; by contrast, the empire’s decline and fall by the fifth century A.D. was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human civilization.
the roman government was a strange mix of democracy and a republic an interesting fact is that the people of Rome took many of their ideas of government from the ancient Greeks.
The key moment in the establishment of Christianity as the predominant religion of the roman empire happened in AD 312 when emperor Constantine on the eve before battle against the rival emperor Maxentinus.
Roman society was particular in the purest sense. the male head of house hold held special legal powers and privileges that gave the jurisdiction over all the members of his family and more encompassing term it's modern derivative.
Roman architecture continued the legacy left by the earlier architects of the Greek world, and the Roman respect for this tradition and their particular reverence for the established architectural orders especially Corinthian is evident in many of their large public buildings.