Shoes

• A shoe is q footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot
• Shoes are also used as an item of decoration.
• Contemporary footwear varies widely in style, complexity and cost
• shoes may be made of  in complex construction and sell for thousands of dollars a pair
• design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture

shoe last

• A last is a form in the approximate shape of a human foot
• used by shoemakers in the manufacture
• Lasts typically come in pairs
• made from many materials, including hardwoods, cast iron, and high density plastics

Goodyear welt

• “Goodyear Welt” is named after  designer whose father Charles Goodyear the first to vulcanize rubber.
• traditionally used because it allows for comfort, durability, and the ability to be resoled
• welt is sewn to edge of the upper and midsole
• This cork layer serves as a cushion and a way for the shoe to “breathe”.
• the foot bed retains the shape of the wearer’s foot, improving fit and comfort.

Blake stitching

• “Blake” stitching is the other way shoes are commonly made.
• a thread  punches through the bottom of the sole and through the leather of the upper
• The shoe cannot be resoled well because undoing the stitch destroys the structure
• Blake stitching does allow the shoe to be more flexible
• is ideal for driving moccasins and boat shoes

Rapid blake

• The Blake/Rapid construction is between Blake stitching and Goodyear
• does not offer the flexibility of Blake stitching
• nor the added benefits of durability as the Goodye
• a Goodyear welt takes another fifteen or more hours
•  while a  rapid Blake stitch can be completed in a few minutes.

A monk shoe is a style of shoe with no lacing, closed by a buckle and strap.

A derby (also called blucher, bucks or Gibson) is a style of shoe characterized by shoelace eyelet tabs that are sewn on top of a single-piece vamp. This construction method, also known as "open lacing", contrasts with that of the Oxfords

An Oxford is a style of laced shoe characterized by shoelace eyelet tabs that are stitched underneath the vamp, a construction method that is also sometimes referred to as "closed lacing"

Slip-ons are typically low, lace-less shoes. The style most commonly seen, known as a loafer or slippers in American culture

Boat shoes (also known as deck shoes or topsiders) are typically canvas or leather with non-marking rubber soles designed for use on a boat. A sipping pattern is cut into the soles to provide grip on a wet deck; the leather construction, along with application of oil, is designed to repel water.

Moccasins are Footwear resembling such a slipper made of soft leather, consisting of a sole and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather)